According to a recent report by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) "Technical Review" magazine, American scientists have developed a new type of ceramic material that is formed by the interdigitation of nanometer struts. Researchers say that this is one of the most rugged and lightweight materials ever built. If they can think of ways to mass produce such materials, then it can be used to make electrodes for aircraft, trucks, and batteries. In the latest issue of Science.
A team of researchers led by California Institute of Technology materials scientist Julia Greer found that by carefully designing the poles and nodes of nanomaterials, they can produce ceramics, metals, and other materials that can be recovered after crushing. It's like a sponge. This material is not only strong and lightweight, it can float like feathers in the air.
The strength, weight, and density of traditional materials are closely related. For example, ceramics are strong, but they are also very heavy. Therefore, they cannot be used to make items that are important for weight, such as car bodies. And, once the ceramics are broken, they are like glass, and they can't be restored.
But the nanometer world does not follow this rule. At the nanometer scale, the relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of ceramics and their properties such as weight becomes less intimate, and their properties can be modified precisely. Greer said: "For ceramics, the smaller the more solid." This means that the nano-scale framework made of ceramic materials can be both light and strong.
In 2011, Greer teamed with other scientists to create one of the lightest materials ever made: a micro-grid made of hollow metal tubes. Now she goes further and creates ceramics with the same properties. These materials are made of structures that are tuned so well that they are difficult to manufacture.
In order to make ceramic nano-brackets, the Greer team used a technique called two-photon interference lithography (equivalent to an extremely low-cost 3D laser printing technology). First, they used this method to manufacture polymers. The desired structure, the grid, is then coated with a ceramic, such as alumina, and then etched with oxygen plasma, leaving only the hollow ceramic tube grid.
The Greer team proved that by changing the thickness of the pipe wall, it is possible to control the material easily and easily. When the tube wall is thick, the ceramic will crush under pressure, as we would imagine, but when the tube wall is only 10 nanometers thick, the material will bend under pressure, but will then resume its shape.
The researchers said that this new material may be very suitable for use as a raw material for battery manufacturing. Nanostructures have a large surface area and are very lightweight. These two points combine to create batteries that can be quickly charged and can hold a lot of energy. In fact, Greer said that she is working with Germany's Bosch to apply the latest design in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process. (Liu Xia)
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