The world's first laser was born in 1960. China developed the first laser in 1961. For more than 40 years, laser technology and applications have developed rapidly. It has been combined with many disciplines to form multiple application technologies, such as optoelectronic technology. , laser medical and photonic biology, laser processing technology, laser detection and metrology, laser holography, laser spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, ultrafast laser, laser chemistry, quantum optics, laser radar, laser guidance, laser separation Isotope, laser controlled nuclear fusion, laser weapons, etc. The emergence of these cross-cutting technologies and new disciplines has greatly promoted the development of traditional and emerging industries.
First, the application of laser technology
Laser processing technology is a technology that uses the characteristics of the interaction between laser beam and matter to cut, weld, surface, perforate, micro-machine and use as a light source to identify objects. Traditional applications The largest area is laser processing technology. Laser technology is a comprehensive technology involving many disciplines such as light, machine, electricity, materials and testing. Traditionally, its research scope can be generally divided into:
1. Laser processing system. Including lasers, light guide systems, processing machines, control systems and inspection systems.
2. Laser processing technology. Including cutting, welding, surface treatment, drilling, marking, scribing, fine-tuning and other processing techniques.
Laser welding: automotive body thickness plates, automotive parts, lithium batteries, cardiac pacemakers, sealed relays and other sealing devices and a variety of devices that do not allow welding contamination and deformation. Currently used lasers are YAG lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser cutting: automotive industry, computer, electrical housing, wood knife mold industry, cutting of various metal parts and special materials, circular saw blades, acrylic, spring washers, copper plates for electronic parts below 2mm, some metals Stencil, steel pipe, tinplate, plated lead steel, phosphor bronze, bakelite, thin aluminum alloy, quartz glass, silicone rubber, alumina ceramics below 1mm, titanium alloy used in the aerospace industry, etc. The lasers used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser marking: Widely used in a variety of materials and in almost all industries. Currently used lasers are YAG lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser drilling: Laser drilling is mainly used in aerospace, automotive, electronic instrumentation, chemical and other industries. The rapid development of laser drilling is mainly reflected in the fact that the average output power of the YAG laser for punching has been increased from 400w five years ago to 800w to 1000w. At present, the more mature laser drilling applications in China are in the production of synthetic diamond and natural diamond wire drawing dies and in the production of watches, instruments and gemstone bearings, aircraft blades, multilayer printed circuit boards and other industries. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers, and there are also some excimer lasers, isotope lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser heat treatment: widely used in the automotive industry, such as cylinder liners, crankshafts, piston rings, commutators, gears and other parts of the heat treatment, and also widely used in the aerospace, machine tool industry and other machinery industries. The application of laser heat treatment in China is much wider than that of foreign countries. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser rapid prototyping: the combination of laser processing technology and computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology. Mostly used in the mold and model industry. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser coating: Widely used in the aerospace, mold and electromechanical industries. Most of the lasers currently used are high-power YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Second, the focus of research and development of laser processing technology and industrial development
At present, the focus of research and development of laser processing technology and industrial development can be summarized as follows:
(1) Research on a new generation of industrial lasers is currently in a technologically advanced period, and its logo is the development and application of diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers.
(2) Application research of laser micromachining.
(3) Research on high-power CO2 and solid-state lasers and excimer lasers for laser processing, develop and develop special-purpose laser processing machine tools to improve the cycle of stable operation of laser products on the production line.
(4) The processing system is intelligent, and the system integration is not only the processing itself, but with real-time detection and feedback processing. With the establishment of the expert system, the intelligentization of the processing system has become an inevitable development trend.
(5) Establish detection methods for laser processing equipment parameters and conduct method research.
(6) Research on laser cutting technology. The secondary development and industrialization of the existing laser cutting system, providing a 2-3 axis CNC CO2 cutting machine with good performance and low price, and carrying out research on the corresponding cutting process, making the process widely used in material processing, automobile , aerospace and shipbuilding and other fields. To this end, emphasis should be placed on laser peripherals such as: light guiding systems, process monitoring and control, nozzles, design and development of floating devices, and CAD/CAM.
(7) Research on laser welding technology. Conduct laser welding process and materials, welding process equipment requirements and welding process parameter monitoring and control technology research, so as to master the welding process of ordinary steel, non-ferrous metals and special steel.
(8) Research on laser surface treatment technology. Carry out CAD/CAM technology, laser surface treatment process, material properties and laser surface treatment process parameter monitoring and control research, so that the laser surface treatment process can be applied to production.
(9) Research on laser processing beam quality and processing peripheral devices. Study the laser beam quality requirements, laser beam and processing quality monitoring technology, optical system and processing head design and development.
(10) Conduct research on laser processing technology, focusing on research and popularization of surface modification and heat treatment of materials; carry out application research of laser rapid prototyping technology and broaden the field of laser application.
3. Laser technology is the foundation of optoelectronic technology and industry, which will replace and promote the traditional electronic information industry.
In the 21st century, the knowledge economy is dominant, and vigorously developing high technology is an inevitable choice to meet the arrival of the knowledge economy era. At present, the most important high-tech that is recognized by the world as the fastest growing and widely used is photoelectric technology, and he will become the pillar industry in the 21st century. In optoelectronic technology, one of its basic technologies is laser technology. The scientific community predicts that by 2005, the output value of the optoelectronic industry will reach the output value of the electronics industry. By 2010, the information industry led by optoelectronic information technology will form an industrial scale of 5 trillion US dollars. By 2010 to 2015, optoelectronics Industry may replace the traditional electronics industry. Optoelectronic technology will once again promote the revolution and progress of human science and technology after microelectronics technology.
The development of laser technology and industry in the 21st century will support and promote high-speed, broadband, massive optical communication and network communication, and will lead to a revolution in lighting technology, small, reliable, long life, energy-saving semiconductor (LED) will dominate the market, In addition, a wide range of optoelectronic consumer products (such as VCD, D VD, digital cameras, new color TVs, handheld computer electronics, smart phones, handheld audio playback devices, photography, projection and imaging, office automation optoelectronic devices such as laser printing, etc.) will be launched. Fax and photocopying, etc., as well as new information display technology products (such as CRT, LCD and PDP, FED, OEL flat panel displays, etc.) and enter people's daily lives. Laser products have become the "eyes" and "nerves" of modern weapons, and optoelectronic military equipment will change the pattern of the 21st century war.
In the process of promoting the rapid development of the optoelectronic industry in the future, the combination of laser technology and other technical applications has the following aspects:
1. Laser Chemistry: Traditional chemical processes generally involve mixing the reactants together and then often requiring heating (or pressure). The disadvantage of heating is that the molecules produce irregular movements due to increased energy. This movement destroys the original chemical bonds and combines them into new bonds, and these irregular movements destroy or generate bonds, which hinder the expected chemical reaction.
But if you use a laser to direct a chemical reaction, you can not only overcome the above irregular movements, but also get more benefits. This is because the laser carries a highly concentrated and uniform energy, which can be precisely applied to the molecular bonds. For example, using ultraviolet lasers of different wavelengths, playing on molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, changing the phase difference between the two laser beams, then controlling The breaking process of the molecule. It is also possible to use a method of changing the waveform of the laser pulse to accurately and efficiently apply energy to the molecule, triggering some desired reaction.
The application of laser chemistry is very extensive. The pharmaceutical industry is the first area to benefit. The application of laser chemistry technology not only accelerates the synthesis of drugs, but also eliminates unwanted by-products, making certain drugs safer and more reliable, and the price can be reduced. As another example, using lasers to control semiconductors, new optical switches can be improved to improve computers and communication systems. Although laser chemistry is still in its infancy, its prospects are bright.
2. Laser medical treatment: The application of laser in medicine is divided into two categories: laser diagnosis and laser treatment. The former uses laser as the information carrier, while the latter uses laser as the energy carrier. For many years, laser technology has become an effective means of clinical treatment, and has become a key technology for the development of medical diagnosis. It solves many of the problems in medicine and contributes to the development of medicine. Now, we have maintained a strong and strong momentum in basic research, new technology development, and new equipment development and production.
The current excellent application of laser medicine is mainly reflected in the following aspects: photodynamic therapy for cancer; laser treatment for cardiovascular disease; excimer laser keratoplasty; laser treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia; laser cosmetic surgery; laser fiber endoscopic surgery; Laparoscopic surgery; laser thoracoscopic surgery; laser arthroscopic surgery; laser lithotripsy; laser surgery; laser application in anastomosis; laser in oral, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry; weak laser therapy.
Recent research highlights in laser medical care include:
(1) Study the relationship between laser and biological tissue, especially the relationship between laser and biological tissue that has been used in many effective therapies; study different laser parameters (including wavelength, power density, energy density and mode of operation) And so on) the relationship between different biological tissues, human organ tissues and diseased tissues, and obtain systematic data;
(2) Study the cellular biological effects and mechanisms of weak laser, including the relationship between weak laser and cell biology phenomena (gene regulation and apoptosis), the molecular biological mechanism of weak laser analgesia, and weak laser and cells The relationship between immunity (antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, etc.) and its mechanism;
(3) In-depth research on photodynamic therapy mechanisms, laser interventional therapy, laser cardiovascular angioplasty and myocardial revascularization mechanisms, and actively explore other new laser medical technologies.
(4) Developmental research on important and novel photonic devices and instrument settings in medical photonics, such as the development of medical semiconductor laser systems, excimer laser devices for keratoplasty and angioplasty, and laser cosmetic (removing wrinkles, Planting equipment or other new laser equipment, developing medical laser systems for new working bands and developing Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser scalpels.
3. Ultra-fast super-strong laser: Ultra-fast super-strong laser is mainly based on the research and application of femtosecond laser. As a unique tool and means of scientific research, the main application of femtosecond laser can be summarized into three aspects. That is, the application of femtosecond laser in the ultra-fast field, the application in the super-strong field and the application in ultra-fine processing.
Femtosecond lasers play a role in rapid process diagnosis in the field of ultrafast phenomena. Femtosecond lasers, like an extremely fine clock and an ultra-high-speed "camera", can analyze and record some of the fast processes in nature, especially at the atomic and molecular levels.
The application of femtosecond lasers in the super-strong field (also known as strong-field physics) is due to the fact that the peak power and intensity of femtosecond pulses with a certain energy can be very high. The electromagnetic field corresponding to such strong light will be much larger than the Coulomb field in the atom, so that the electrons in the atom can be easily peeled off. Therefore, femtosecond laser is an important tool for studying high-order nonlinear and multiphoton processes in atomic and molecular systems. The energy density corresponding to the femtosecond laser is only possible in nuclear explosions. Femtosecond glare can be used to generate coherent X-rays and other extremely short wavelengths of light and can be used for controlled nuclear fusion studies.
Femtosecond lasers for ultra-fine processing are important application research fields for femtosecond laser technology beyond the research of ultrafast phenomena and super-power phenomena. This application has only begun to develop in recent years, and there have been many important advances. Different from femtosecond ultrafast and femtosecond super research, femtosecond laser ultra-fine processing is closely related to advanced manufacturing technology, which can play a more direct role in the development of certain key industrial production technologies. Femtosecond laser ultra-fine processing is one of the most striking frontier research directions in the laser and optoelectronics industry in the world today.
4. New laser research: Laser range finder is the starting point of laser application in the military, and it is applied to the artillery system, which greatly improves the firing accuracy of the artillery. Compared with radio radar, laser radar has a large laser divergence angle and good directivity, so its measurement accuracy is greatly improved. For the same reason, there is no "blind zone" in the lidar, so it is especially suitable for the tracking measurement of the initial stage of the missile. However, due to the influence of the atmosphere, Lidar is not suitable for searching in a wide range, but it can only be used as a powerful complement to radio radar. There are also precision laser-guided missiles and the use of laser weapon technology used in simulated battlefields. On the battlefield of laser actual combat exercises, it resembles the actual war scene.
Advantages of laser weapons; no need for ballistic calculation; no recoil; easy to operate, flexible and flexible, wide range of use; no radioactive contamination, high cost-effectiveness.
Classification of laser weapons: different power densities, different output waveforms, and lasers of different wavelengths will have different killing and destructive effects when interacting with different target materials. There are many types of lasers with different names. According to the working medium, there are solid lasers, liquid lasers, and gas lasers of molecular, ionic, and quasi-molecular types. According to its launch position, it can be divided into space-based, land-based, ship-borne, on-board and airborne types. According to its use, it can be divided into tactical and strategic types, namely tactical laser weapons and strategic laser weapons.
First, the application of laser technology
Laser processing technology is a technology that uses the characteristics of the interaction between laser beam and matter to cut, weld, surface, perforate, micro-machine and use as a light source to identify objects. Traditional applications The largest area is laser processing technology. Laser technology is a comprehensive technology involving many disciplines such as light, machine, electricity, materials and testing. Traditionally, its research scope can be generally divided into:
1. Laser processing system. Including lasers, light guide systems, processing machines, control systems and inspection systems.
2. Laser processing technology. Including cutting, welding, surface treatment, drilling, marking, scribing, fine-tuning and other processing techniques.
Laser welding: automotive body thickness plates, automotive parts, lithium batteries, cardiac pacemakers, sealed relays and other sealing devices and a variety of devices that do not allow welding contamination and deformation. Currently used lasers are YAG lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser cutting: automotive industry, computer, electrical housing, wood knife mold industry, cutting of various metal parts and special materials, circular saw blades, acrylic, spring washers, copper plates for electronic parts below 2mm, some metals Stencil, steel pipe, tinplate, plated lead steel, phosphor bronze, bakelite, thin aluminum alloy, quartz glass, silicone rubber, alumina ceramics below 1mm, titanium alloy used in the aerospace industry, etc. The lasers used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser marking: Widely used in a variety of materials and in almost all industries. Currently used lasers are YAG lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser drilling: Laser drilling is mainly used in aerospace, automotive, electronic instrumentation, chemical and other industries. The rapid development of laser drilling is mainly reflected in the fact that the average output power of the YAG laser for punching has been increased from 400w five years ago to 800w to 1000w. At present, the more mature laser drilling applications in China are in the production of synthetic diamond and natural diamond wire drawing dies and in the production of watches, instruments and gemstone bearings, aircraft blades, multilayer printed circuit boards and other industries. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers, and there are also some excimer lasers, isotope lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser heat treatment: widely used in the automotive industry, such as cylinder liners, crankshafts, piston rings, commutators, gears and other parts of the heat treatment, and also widely used in the aerospace, machine tool industry and other machinery industries. The application of laser heat treatment in China is much wider than that of foreign countries. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser rapid prototyping: the combination of laser processing technology and computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology. Mostly used in the mold and model industry. Most of the lasers currently used are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser coating: Widely used in the aerospace, mold and electromechanical industries. Most of the lasers currently used are high-power YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Second, the focus of research and development of laser processing technology and industrial development
At present, the focus of research and development of laser processing technology and industrial development can be summarized as follows:
(1) Research on a new generation of industrial lasers is currently in a technologically advanced period, and its logo is the development and application of diode-pumped all-solid-state lasers.
(2) Application research of laser micromachining.
(3) Research on high-power CO2 and solid-state lasers and excimer lasers for laser processing, develop and develop special-purpose laser processing machine tools to improve the cycle of stable operation of laser products on the production line.
(4) The processing system is intelligent, and the system integration is not only the processing itself, but with real-time detection and feedback processing. With the establishment of the expert system, the intelligentization of the processing system has become an inevitable development trend.
(5) Establish detection methods for laser processing equipment parameters and conduct method research.
(6) Research on laser cutting technology. The secondary development and industrialization of the existing laser cutting system, providing a 2-3 axis CNC CO2 cutting machine with good performance and low price, and carrying out research on the corresponding cutting process, making the process widely used in material processing, automobile , aerospace and shipbuilding and other fields. To this end, emphasis should be placed on laser peripherals such as: light guiding systems, process monitoring and control, nozzles, design and development of floating devices, and CAD/CAM.
(7) Research on laser welding technology. Conduct laser welding process and materials, welding process equipment requirements and welding process parameter monitoring and control technology research, so as to master the welding process of ordinary steel, non-ferrous metals and special steel.
(8) Research on laser surface treatment technology. Carry out CAD/CAM technology, laser surface treatment process, material properties and laser surface treatment process parameter monitoring and control research, so that the laser surface treatment process can be applied to production.
(9) Research on laser processing beam quality and processing peripheral devices. Study the laser beam quality requirements, laser beam and processing quality monitoring technology, optical system and processing head design and development.
(10) Conduct research on laser processing technology, focusing on research and popularization of surface modification and heat treatment of materials; carry out application research of laser rapid prototyping technology and broaden the field of laser application.
3. Laser technology is the foundation of optoelectronic technology and industry, which will replace and promote the traditional electronic information industry.
In the 21st century, the knowledge economy is dominant, and vigorously developing high technology is an inevitable choice to meet the arrival of the knowledge economy era. At present, the most important high-tech that is recognized by the world as the fastest growing and widely used is photoelectric technology, and he will become the pillar industry in the 21st century. In optoelectronic technology, one of its basic technologies is laser technology. The scientific community predicts that by 2005, the output value of the optoelectronic industry will reach the output value of the electronics industry. By 2010, the information industry led by optoelectronic information technology will form an industrial scale of 5 trillion US dollars. By 2010 to 2015, optoelectronics Industry may replace the traditional electronics industry. Optoelectronic technology will once again promote the revolution and progress of human science and technology after microelectronics technology.
The development of laser technology and industry in the 21st century will support and promote high-speed, broadband, massive optical communication and network communication, and will lead to a revolution in lighting technology, small, reliable, long life, energy-saving semiconductor (LED) will dominate the market, In addition, a wide range of optoelectronic consumer products (such as VCD, D VD, digital cameras, new color TVs, handheld computer electronics, smart phones, handheld audio playback devices, photography, projection and imaging, office automation optoelectronic devices such as laser printing, etc.) will be launched. Fax and photocopying, etc., as well as new information display technology products (such as CRT, LCD and PDP, FED, OEL flat panel displays, etc.) and enter people's daily lives. Laser products have become the "eyes" and "nerves" of modern weapons, and optoelectronic military equipment will change the pattern of the 21st century war.
In the process of promoting the rapid development of the optoelectronic industry in the future, the combination of laser technology and other technical applications has the following aspects:
1. Laser Chemistry: Traditional chemical processes generally involve mixing the reactants together and then often requiring heating (or pressure). The disadvantage of heating is that the molecules produce irregular movements due to increased energy. This movement destroys the original chemical bonds and combines them into new bonds, and these irregular movements destroy or generate bonds, which hinder the expected chemical reaction.
But if you use a laser to direct a chemical reaction, you can not only overcome the above irregular movements, but also get more benefits. This is because the laser carries a highly concentrated and uniform energy, which can be precisely applied to the molecular bonds. For example, using ultraviolet lasers of different wavelengths, playing on molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, changing the phase difference between the two laser beams, then controlling The breaking process of the molecule. It is also possible to use a method of changing the waveform of the laser pulse to accurately and efficiently apply energy to the molecule, triggering some desired reaction.
The application of laser chemistry is very extensive. The pharmaceutical industry is the first area to benefit. The application of laser chemistry technology not only accelerates the synthesis of drugs, but also eliminates unwanted by-products, making certain drugs safer and more reliable, and the price can be reduced. As another example, using lasers to control semiconductors, new optical switches can be improved to improve computers and communication systems. Although laser chemistry is still in its infancy, its prospects are bright.
2. Laser medical treatment: The application of laser in medicine is divided into two categories: laser diagnosis and laser treatment. The former uses laser as the information carrier, while the latter uses laser as the energy carrier. For many years, laser technology has become an effective means of clinical treatment, and has become a key technology for the development of medical diagnosis. It solves many of the problems in medicine and contributes to the development of medicine. Now, we have maintained a strong and strong momentum in basic research, new technology development, and new equipment development and production.
The current excellent application of laser medicine is mainly reflected in the following aspects: photodynamic therapy for cancer; laser treatment for cardiovascular disease; excimer laser keratoplasty; laser treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia; laser cosmetic surgery; laser fiber endoscopic surgery; Laparoscopic surgery; laser thoracoscopic surgery; laser arthroscopic surgery; laser lithotripsy; laser surgery; laser application in anastomosis; laser in oral, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry; weak laser therapy.
Recent research highlights in laser medical care include:
(1) Study the relationship between laser and biological tissue, especially the relationship between laser and biological tissue that has been used in many effective therapies; study different laser parameters (including wavelength, power density, energy density and mode of operation) And so on) the relationship between different biological tissues, human organ tissues and diseased tissues, and obtain systematic data;
(2) Study the cellular biological effects and mechanisms of weak laser, including the relationship between weak laser and cell biology phenomena (gene regulation and apoptosis), the molecular biological mechanism of weak laser analgesia, and weak laser and cells The relationship between immunity (antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, etc.) and its mechanism;
(3) In-depth research on photodynamic therapy mechanisms, laser interventional therapy, laser cardiovascular angioplasty and myocardial revascularization mechanisms, and actively explore other new laser medical technologies.
(4) Developmental research on important and novel photonic devices and instrument settings in medical photonics, such as the development of medical semiconductor laser systems, excimer laser devices for keratoplasty and angioplasty, and laser cosmetic (removing wrinkles, Planting equipment or other new laser equipment, developing medical laser systems for new working bands and developing Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser scalpels.
3. Ultra-fast super-strong laser: Ultra-fast super-strong laser is mainly based on the research and application of femtosecond laser. As a unique tool and means of scientific research, the main application of femtosecond laser can be summarized into three aspects. That is, the application of femtosecond laser in the ultra-fast field, the application in the super-strong field and the application in ultra-fine processing.
Femtosecond lasers play a role in rapid process diagnosis in the field of ultrafast phenomena. Femtosecond lasers, like an extremely fine clock and an ultra-high-speed "camera", can analyze and record some of the fast processes in nature, especially at the atomic and molecular levels.
The application of femtosecond lasers in the super-strong field (also known as strong-field physics) is due to the fact that the peak power and intensity of femtosecond pulses with a certain energy can be very high. The electromagnetic field corresponding to such strong light will be much larger than the Coulomb field in the atom, so that the electrons in the atom can be easily peeled off. Therefore, femtosecond laser is an important tool for studying high-order nonlinear and multiphoton processes in atomic and molecular systems. The energy density corresponding to the femtosecond laser is only possible in nuclear explosions. Femtosecond glare can be used to generate coherent X-rays and other extremely short wavelengths of light and can be used for controlled nuclear fusion studies.
Femtosecond lasers for ultra-fine processing are important application research fields for femtosecond laser technology beyond the research of ultrafast phenomena and super-power phenomena. This application has only begun to develop in recent years, and there have been many important advances. Different from femtosecond ultrafast and femtosecond super research, femtosecond laser ultra-fine processing is closely related to advanced manufacturing technology, which can play a more direct role in the development of certain key industrial production technologies. Femtosecond laser ultra-fine processing is one of the most striking frontier research directions in the laser and optoelectronics industry in the world today.
4. New laser research: Laser range finder is the starting point of laser application in the military, and it is applied to the artillery system, which greatly improves the firing accuracy of the artillery. Compared with radio radar, laser radar has a large laser divergence angle and good directivity, so its measurement accuracy is greatly improved. For the same reason, there is no "blind zone" in the lidar, so it is especially suitable for the tracking measurement of the initial stage of the missile. However, due to the influence of the atmosphere, Lidar is not suitable for searching in a wide range, but it can only be used as a powerful complement to radio radar. There are also precision laser-guided missiles and the use of laser weapon technology used in simulated battlefields. On the battlefield of laser actual combat exercises, it resembles the actual war scene.
Advantages of laser weapons; no need for ballistic calculation; no recoil; easy to operate, flexible and flexible, wide range of use; no radioactive contamination, high cost-effectiveness.
Classification of laser weapons: different power densities, different output waveforms, and lasers of different wavelengths will have different killing and destructive effects when interacting with different target materials. There are many types of lasers with different names. According to the working medium, there are solid lasers, liquid lasers, and gas lasers of molecular, ionic, and quasi-molecular types. According to its launch position, it can be divided into space-based, land-based, ship-borne, on-board and airborne types. According to its use, it can be divided into tactical and strategic types, namely tactical laser weapons and strategic laser weapons.
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