The use of numerical control equipment is more and more extensive, and it is followed by how to ensure the effective utilization of the equipment. When the equipment fails, it is necessary to restore the equipment to normal use as soon as possible. In order to solve this problem, first of all, maintenance personnel should have high quality, not only require rich professional knowledge, such as mechatronics technology, computer principle, numerical control technology, PLC technology, automatic control technology, drag principle, hydraulic technology, etc. It is also necessary to master the common knowledge of machining and the simple programming of numerical control devices. In addition, it must have a certain level of English and be able to read English technical materials. Have sufficient information, including machine, electricity, liquid drawings, machine parameter backup, system use maintenance manual, PLC ladder diagram and so on. There is also a certain amount of spare parts. In addition, maintenance personnel need to have certain experience and master certain maintenance methods. The author has been engaged in the maintenance of CNC equipment for many years, accumulated a certain amount of experience, summed up a set of methods for repairing CNC equipment, which is introduced below for reference.
To find out Symptom <br> <br> when CNC equipment failure, we must first find out the symptoms, understand the situation when the first failure to the operator to observe the process of failure in the possible observation The fault is under what circumstances, how it happened, and what the consequences are. Only by understanding the first-hand situation will it be beneficial to eliminate the fault and clear the fault process, and the problem will be solved halfway. After clearing the fault phenomenon, and then according to the working principle of the machine tool and the numerical control system, the problem can be quickly diagnosed and the fault can be eliminated, so that the equipment can be restored to normal use.
For example, in a CNC cylindrical grinding machine using the American BRYANT TEACHABLE III system, the grinding wheel wears off the dresser during automatic machining. In order to observe the fault phenomenon and prevent the accident from happening again, remove the grinding wheel and run the machine tool. Then observe the fault phenomenon and find that there is no problem in the grinding during the automatic grinding process. After the workpiece is ground, the grinding wheel is normal when the grinding wheel is finished. Feeding, and the wheel dresser rotates very fast, and the upper limit switch is pressed very quickly. If the grinding wheel is not removed at this time, the grinding wheel must hit the dresser again. According to the working principle of the machine tool, the wheel dresser is driven by the E-axis servo motor, and the rotary encoder is used as the position feedback component. Under normal circumstances, when the dresser trims the grinding wheel, the Z-axis slide moves the E-axis dresser to the trimming position, and the trimmer performs a swing of 30°~120° to trim the grinding wheel. We observed the fault phenomenon many times and found that when the E-axis is at the upper limit switch, the coordinate value of the E-axis on the screen is only about 60°, and the actual position is about 180°. Obviously, there is a problem with the position feedback, but the position is changed. Both the control board and the encoder did not solve the problem. After repeated observations and experiments, we found that when the E-axis dresser is at the edge of the Z-axis, there is no problem with the reference point and the rotary swing. To use the alarm information of the system, the self-diagnosis capability of the CNC system is getting stronger and stronger. Most of the faulty CNC systems of the equipment can be diagnosed and take corresponding measures, such as shutdown, etc., and generally can generate alarm display. When the numerical control equipment fails, the alarm information is sometimes displayed on the display, and sometimes there is an alarm indication on the numerical control device, the PLC device, and the drive device. At this time, the alarm information should be analyzed according to the manual. Some alarms can directly confirm the cause of the fault. As long as the contents of the alarm information are clarified, the fault of the numerical control device can be eliminated.
For example, a CNC channel grinder with German SIEMENS 810 system will generate “BATTERY ALARM POWER SUPPLY†when it is turned on, which obviously indicates that the CNC system is powered off and the battery is dead. After replacing the new battery (Note: Be sure to replace the battery with the system charged, reset the fault, and return the machine to use. Another CNC grinding machine with SIEMENS 3 system, the screen is not displayed after booting, check the numerical control device, and find that one LED on the CPU board flashes. According to the manual, analyze the flashing frequency, confirm that the battery voltage is low after the power is off. After replacing the battery. , restart the system failure disappears.
For example, a CNC lathe using the Japanese FANUC 0TC system, the No. 2043 alarm appears, showing “HYD. PRESSURE DOWNâ€, indicating that the hydraulic system pressure is low. According to the alarm information, the hydraulic system was inspected and found that the hydraulic pressure was indeed low, and the hydraulic pressure was adjusted to restore the machine to normal use.
The alarm information of other faults does not reflect the root cause of the fault, but reflects the result of the fault or other problems caused by it. At this time, careful analysis and inspection are required to determine the cause of the fault. The following methods apply to such faults and The detection of some faults without an alarm is effective.
To take advantage of numerical control system PLC status display function numerical control systems have many <br> <br> PLC status display PLC STATUS function in the PC STATUS in features, such as Siemens 3 PC menu system, Siemens 810 system DIAGNOSIS menu, and send it The PMC status display function of the DGNOS PARAM function of the 0T system can be used to display the immediate status and contents of the PLC's inputs, outputs, timers, counters, etc. According to the working principle of the machine tool and the electrical schematic diagram provided by the machine tool manufacturer, some faults can be diagnosed by monitoring the corresponding state.
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