At present, China's slow-release fertilizer production capacity reaches 2.5 million tons, with an annual output of 700,000 tons, accounting for one-third of the world's slow-release fertilizer consumption. The main battlefield for the development of slow-release fertilizers in China is field crops, but what kind of slow-release fertilizers are needed for field crops? What is the requirement for the release of fertilizer nutrients in field crops? This is an important issue that must be studied and clearly answered in the development of China's slow-release fertilizer industry.
Most of the slow-release fertilizers in foreign countries are mainly used in non-agricultural fields. There is not much experience for the slow-release fertilizers needed for field crops. To answer what kind of slow-release fertilizers are needed for field crops, first of all, the slow-release fertilizer and fertilizer can not be confused. The sustained release of fertilizer refers to the “speed of nutrient diffusion into the medium (water or soil) after the fertilizer enters the mediumâ€; and the fertilization of the fertilizer refers to “the ability of the fertilizer to continuously supply nutrients after entering the soilâ€, including Fertilizer strength and duration of fertilizer supply. Fertilizer nutrients are not directly absorbed by the crops immediately after release in the soil, but most of the nutrients are transformed and migrated, distributed in soils of different depths, through water-fat-root coupling, from the entire soil. Supply crop nutrients. Whether the fertilizer nutrients can be efficiently utilized by crops is the coupling of water-fertilizer-root in time and space. In the past, the improvement of fertilizer utilization rate paid more attention to the study of water and fertilizer coupling, while ignoring the efficient coupling of water and nutrients with the "root system" of its absorption body in time and space. Therefore, according to the water-fertilizer-root efficient coupling theory, the nutrients of slow-release fertilizers are released in the “S†form after being applied to the surface layer of soil (0-20 cm), and it is not necessarily the fertilization property of fertilizer nutrients in the whole soil. "S" type. The design principle of fertilizer slow release should be to achieve “the fertilization of fertilizer nutrients in the soil and the crop fertilizer requirements (S-type supply)â€, not just the 0-20cm root layer, only the fertilizer nutrients are considered. The release in the 0-20 cm soil layer matches the crop fertilizer requirement ("S" release). In addition, the roots of different crops are different in depth, and the requirements for fertilizer nutrient release are different. The crops cultivated under different conditions such as soil, climate and water management system have different requirements for fertilizer nutrient release. The control standards for the release of nutrients from slow-release fertilizers abroad are based on the fertilizer requirements of plants such as shallow root turf and horticultural flowers, and may not be suitable for deep root crops in Daejeon.
In addition, China's slow-release fertilizer industry still needs technological innovation in the fields of technology, equipment and materials to enhance product quality stability, achieve continuous production and automatic control, increase the capacity of single-unit equipment, and reduce fertilizer processing costs. China's slow-release fertilizers should pay attention to the development of non-resin-coated or other slow-release fertilizers, such as inorganic-coated, organic-coated, organic-inorganic slow-release fertilizers, while paying attention to the development of resin-coated fertilizers. Etc., these slow-release fertilizers can be produced with ordinary equipment, no special equipment, no solvent, simple process, low energy consumption, high output, low cost, and good application effect in field crops.
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