1. Selection and cultivation of antibacterial feed crop varieties
Different feed crop varieties have different susceptibility to mold, so the cultivation of antibacterial varieties can greatly reduce the chance of forage crops being infected by mold. This is also the fundamental way to prevent mildew, and biological genetic engineering is gradually expanding the application, making breeding resistant varieties feasible.
2. Choosing the right planting or harvesting technology
The test results show that 80%-90% of Aspergillus flavus isolated from peanuts can produce toxins, which is much higher than that of Aspergillus flavus isolated from other crops. Therefore, in the field of continuous planting of peanuts, the contamination rate of aflatoxin is high, the content of aflatoxin (AF) is also high, and the broken peanuts are easy to contaminate Aspergillus flavus, which is also conducive to the formation of toxins. Technology and proper harvesting methods will greatly reduce the contamination of mold and mycotoxins. In addition, during the harvesting and storage process, insect bites, groin, and grinding should be avoided to avoid damage to the epidermis and outer shell of corn, peanuts, etc.; broken kernels should be removed because such kernels are often highly contaminated.
3. Strictly control the moisture content of feed and raw materials.
The three main conditions that cause mildew in feed are humidity, temperature and oxygen. If we can control one of these three conditions, we can effectively prevent mildew. Under normal circumstances, it is the easiest way to control the moisture below the safety line. Therefore, the crop should be dried quickly after harvesting, and the drying must be uniform. The moisture in the rice should be controlled below 13%, the corn below 21.5%, and the peanut below 8%.
4. Improve storage conditions and inhibit mold growth
Most of the mildew is produced during storage, so the mildew during storage is an important part of the feed.
4.1 physical anti- method
There are mainly temperature control storage environment, closed oxygen storage, controlled atmosphere storage, low temperature ventilation storage and radiation method. According to reports, the wet corn after threshing is put into the sack of the plastic bag lined, and the bag mouth is filled as much as possible. Since then, the oxygen in the bag is consumed due to the respiration of the corn itself, not only the growth of Aspergillus flavus, but also other molds. It can also be suppressed, and it is an economical, simple and promising method for preventing mildew. At present, the low-temperature ventilation storage method is commonly used in China, and the combination of low temperature and mechanical ventilation is adopted to make the feed reach a safe moisture content. Not only for pellet feed, but also for powders with higher moisture content. With the development of radiation food technology, the research and application of radiation-treated feed has also been developed in many countries.
4.2 Chemical anti-mold method Add anti-mold agent:
This method is more suitable for the feed industry. As a feed anti-fungal agent, it must not only inhibit the mold, but also be harmless and cheap to humans and animals, and is convenient and reliable to use. Commonly used as antifungal agents are propionic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, sodium diacetate, ethoxyquin, fumaric acid, cysteine ​​acetate, gentian violet, dimethyl fumarate, etc. . At present, the world's feed industry uses a large amount of fungicides, propionic acid and its salts, followed by sorbic acid and its salts of acetic acid. Treatment: The main role of acetic acid is to inhibit the biosynthesis of AF. The ethephon is formulated into a 9%-15% aqueous solution, and the liquid weight of the fresh peanuts is 3î€5%, mixed with the peanuts, and stored in the environment at 28-30 degrees Celsius and 100% relative humidity. In the bag, there is still no biosynthesis of AF within 90 days.
4.3 Microbial inhibition method
Japan's Yongsen Foods has discovered seven kinds of microorganisms that can phagocytose A. flavus and inhibit AF production, but no practical reports have been reported.
4.4 Comprehensive Method
As an anti-fungal agent, enzymes and antioxidants are new and effective anti-fungal agents that have appeared internationally in recent years. Its principle of action is different from the anti-mildew principle of chemical anti-mold agent. It is an enzyme system that replaces the mold in the enzyme, and the antioxidant absorbs the normal oxygen absorption of the mold, thereby preventing the normal physiological function of the mold from reaching the anti-mildew effect. The enzyme used is 1 to 500 times stronger than the enzyme in the mold. When the mold acts on the mold, the enzyme in the bacteria is destroyed and denatured, so that the mold cannot absorb nutrients from the feed, and the antioxidant acts. Molds do not get enough oxygen to inhibit their growth. This anti-mold agent does not cause resistance to mold, and it is safe and reliable to use, and has no adverse effect on the outside world.
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