In recent years, rural livestock rearing has changed from roughage to concentrate (grain). In order to make full use of the concentrate to maximize its effectiveness, the concentrate must be prepared. Several modulation methods are described below.
First, crushing and crushing. Various cereal feeds, such as barley, corn, sorghum, etc., must be crushed or crushed before feeding, especially for hard-shelled cereals. Because these hard-shelled grains are generally not completely digested in the digestive tract of livestock, many grains are discharged with the feces, causing waste. If smashed or crushed, not only the livestock is easy to chew, but also the contact area of ​​the nutrients in the feed with the digestive juice is increased, the digestibility is improved, and it is also convenient to be mixed with other feeds. The degree of crushing of the feed should be determined according to the type of livestock: the feed of cattle and sheep can be broken into 2 mm; the feed of horses, donkeys and donkey can be broken into 4 mm.
Second, soak. Soaking modulation method is generally applicable to oil cake concentrates. The soaked feed is easy to chew and digest in livestock, especially for pigs and poultry. The water in the soaked feed contains a variety of nutrients and should be fed together in the feed. When soaking oil cake feed in summer, it is easy to spoil and deteriorate, and the time should not be too long.
Third, boiled and fried roast. These two preparation methods are suitable for bean feeds. After cooking and roasting, the utilization of protein and starch is increased. In addition, roasting can make the feed produce a fragrant smell, improve palatability, increase appetite in the livestock, and increase feed intake.
Fourth, saccharification. This method is applicable to starch-containing feeds in which the starch is sufficiently converted into dextrin and maltose, and the content is increased from 1% to 10%. The mashed feed has a sweet taste and the animals like it.
Fifth, fermentation. Concentrate fermentation is one of the commonly used modulation methods for raising pigs and raising cows. It mainly uses the microorganisms contained in the feed itself or the added yeast to make the feed break down the carbohydrate under appropriate temperature, humidity and air conditions, and produce lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, etc., and become a fermented feed with aromatic and slightly acidic. After the feed is fermented, it can improve palatability, increase digestibility and utilization of crude protein, and increase the content of vitamin B. After the fermentation of the concentrate, it has a good effect on the appetite, health, reproduction and feed utilization of the livestock.
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