The coating solvent mainly includes three major types of products. The first type is a hydrocarbon solvent, which is classified according to different boiling points. The second type is also the most widely used and most mainstream one, which is an oxygenated solvent; the third is the most Unique solvent - water. The three categories are specifically described below.
Hydrocarbon solvents: usually a mixture of materials of different molecular weights, and are classified by different boiling points, including: aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and terpene hydrocarbons.
Oxygen-containing solvent: A solvent containing an oxygen atom in the molecule. They provide a wide range of solvency and volatility. Many resins are insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents but soluble in oxygenated solvents. Common products include alcohols, ketones, esters and alcohol ethers.
Water: As a unique solvent type, there are two active hydrogen ions and one electronegative oxygen molecule in the water molecule. Unlike the linear chain formed by the alcohol, the water molecules are combined in a three-dimensional array, similar to the crosslinked polymer. . When water molecules are combined with each other in this way, the strength of the secondary bond is greater than that of the alcohol. Using water as a solvent requires more energy to separate molecules and combine them with other materials than alcohol as a solvent. This means that water is a highly efficient solvent for many resin materials, and at the same time it has the disadvantage of high specific energy and high boiling point. Unlike most solvents, the evaporation rate of water is greatly affected by the relative humidity of the surrounding environment during construction and the flow through the wet film. Finally, the same unique molecular structure that represents the low vapor pressure of water also contributes to its high surface tension. This directly affects the wetting ability of the coating product and the adhesion to the substrate. This high surface energy provided by hydrogen ions creates water wetting and difficulties in obtaining good adhesion to low surface energy substrates.
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