Introduction of modern composite armor technology with ceramic as core material

In the Armored Protective Materials Technology published by the China Institute of Armed Forces in 2014, China's armored scientific research workers clearly pointed out that the British challenger and the US M1 series are the best protective tanks in the world. . The key reason for this is that the armor ceramic materials of the two tanks are excellent. Compared with traditional armor steel, ceramic materials have high hardness, high strength (especially at high temperatures) and low density, so they can provide higher protection at lighter weight. This modern composite armor technology with ceramics as the core material was first put into practical use in the United Kingdom in the 1970s, and has been developed for three generations. The US M1 series tanks have all used these three generations of technology.
The first generation of composite armor was made of alumina. The main component of corundum gemstone is it (ruby and sapphire are corundum gemstones); many watches and mobile phones like to say that they use sapphire surface material, which is actually artificial transparent corundum. The "armored gemstone" material of Al2O3 has more than three times the hardness of armored steel and less than half the weight. In the earliest developed Chobham composite armor in the United Kingdom, the core ceramic part was aluminum oxide. As the British transferred armor technology to the United States, the first generation of Qiao Baum armor became the standard for M1 tanks. Because its manufacturing process is relatively simple and stable, it is easy to stabilize batch production, and the price is relatively acceptable; China's current ceramic armor application research is carried out around aluminum oxide.
The second-generation ceramic armor has higher performance and has two main development directions: silicon carbide and titanium boride . The former is the lightest and the latter has the best elastic resistance; but they are extremely difficult to manufacture and have high sintering temperatures. The manufacturing method is very complicated, the process is very difficult to stabilize, and the cost is high. After a lot of effort, the United States succeeded in obtaining high-toughness titanium boride ceramic armor technology and applied it to the M1A1 tank. China's research on titanium boride ceramic armor is currently only available in the laboratory. The breakthrough of the third-generation ceramic armor technology is not in the ceramic material itself, but in the United States, the use of depleted uranium alloy further greatly enhances the performance of ceramic materials. The M1A2 tank is equipped with depleted uranium armor. This technology is extremely confidential and completely owned by the United States alone. China has not yet understood its specific design principles.

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