Why are so many hidden dangers in "triple play" sites?

What is a "triple play" place

The "three-in-one" site is based on the "Technical Requirements for Fire Safety in Common Use Sites for Accommodation and Production Storage Operations" ( GA703-2007 ), which means that accommodation and production, warehousing, and operation of one or more types of use-related violations are mixed in the same space. Inside the building. The same building space can be a separate building or part of a building, and there is no effective fire separation between accommodation and other use features.

Fireproof partitions are objects that can prevent the spread of fire within a certain period of time and can divide the interior space of the building into smaller fireproof spaces. Commonly used fireproof partitions include fire walls, fire doors, fire shutters, fire water curtains, and fire protection. Valves and smoke exhaust fire dampers.

Classification of "three in one" places

"Three-in-one" site security risks

1. Mostly illegal buildings, poor fire safety basic conditions.

2. The fireproof spacing is insufficient, and the fire protection facilities are not in place.

3. The function of the use of the site is complex, the lack of fire water, and the difficulty of fire fighting.

4. Employees have weak awareness of fire safety and weak ability to escape from self-rescue.

The Harm of "Three in One" Sites

1. It is easy to form a large area of ​​combustion.

2. Difficulty in escape, easily causing casualties.

3. Smoke is dense and suffocation is more dangerous.

4. Fire rescue is more difficult.

"Three in one" typical fire case

Case number one

Around 2006 at 4:00 on September 14, it is located in Zhili Town, Huzhou City Wuxing weaving Road 50 "Gospel House" fire, 15 people were killed. “Gospel Building” is a conglomerated, five-storey, ten - story commercial shop, which is mainly engaged in the wholesale and retail business of children's clothing accessories. The third floor is a shopping mall, the third floor is a warehouse, and the fourth floor is a staff dormitory and warehouse. The floor is the owner's house, each floor is about 500 square meters, the whole building is about 2500 square meters.

Case 2

About 50 minutes, Xiuyu District, Putian City, Fujian Wat stone paved street in town Feida uppers plus workshops 2l occurred in October 2007 when 21 fires, causing 37 deaths, 20 people were injured, including one seriously injured. After investigation, the workshop was a “three in one” building with a total of six floors of 180 square meters. The first floor was a hallway and piled raw material sites. The second to third floors were production workshops. The fourth to sixth floors were staff quarters. The fire occurred. layer.

Case three

December 11, 2013 morning, the fire occurred in a Guangming District, Shenzhen approved farmers markets 16 people were killed and five injured. The "triple play" of production, warehousing and residence, fire hydrant is open but there is no water pressure, and the house is a temporary construction... These "deja vu" causes led to the occurrence of a fire tragedy.

Why are so many hazards in "three in one" sites?

Most of them are illegal constructions. The architectural design is not standardized and the structure is unreasonable.

Many "three in one" buildings have not been planned in a unified way by the construction and planning department, have not been subjected to the fire protection design review and completion acceptance of the fire department, and are illegal products from head to toe. The fire resistance rating of the buildings is low. Most of them are used for residential and rental housing purposes, and others are temporary structures that are built illegally. Escape evacuation conditions of buildings, lack of fire-fighting facilities, lack of fire-fighting water sources, insufficient fire-fighting equipment, and fire-resistant separation between rooms for different purposes such as accommodation, storage, and production. Fire hazards can be seen everywhere, and the ability to resist fire is very poor.

Unknown property rights, unclear responsibilities

Many "triple-playing" buildings have many phenomena of using multiple legal entities. This will inevitably cause problems of unclear ownership and unclear responsibilities. In the management of fire safety, it is demonstrated that each unit uses its own affairs, and no specialized personnel is responsible for fire safety. Management is very confusing.

Paying attention to the benefits of production and management and ignoring fire safety management

Most of the owners of “three-in-one” constructions have a low level of management, pay attention to the benefits of production and management, and neglect the management of fire safety.

In the enterprise, no fire safety system and fire safety operation regulations have been formulated, and the fire safety responsibility system has not been implemented. Firefighting education for employees has not been conducted. At the same time, practitioners have not been trained in firefighting training and there is a lack of firefighting awareness. In the event of a fire, it is difficult to escape and save themselves.

"Three in One" places should strictly implement the following fire-fighting measures

Strictly control the nature of use

It is strictly forbidden to set up accommodation places or personnel dormitories in places or buildings where there are Class A or Class B fire hazards in production, storage, or operation. It is forbidden to set up personnel accommodation places in the "triple" buildings in the underground and semi-basement categories. Facing the development of the film, we must strictly limit the operation of paints and other dangerous chemicals.

Strictly implement fire separation measures

The use of a firewall with no openings for doors and windows and floors with a fire-resistance limit of not less than 1.5 hours shall be used to completely separate the accommodation from the non-accommodation parts. When the doors must be opened on the walls, normally closed Class B fire doors shall be used. The internal partition wall of the accommodation should use non-combustible cold walls and should be built to the bottom of the floor.

Strict implementation of escape evacuation measures

Separate evacuation facilities should be set up for the accommodation and non-housing sections respectively; when there are difficulties, outdoor metal ladders, balconies equipped with escape facilities, and external walls, etc., as independent auxiliary evacuation escapes, should be provided in compliance with relevant requirements. Facilities, such as fire rescue ladders, life-saving ropes and other escape self-rescue equipment. The evacuation doors in the site should use swing doors that open in the direction of evacuation, and should be easy to open from the inside in the event of a fire. The outer window or balcony in the site should not be provided with a metal fence. When it must be set, it should be easy to open from the inside.

Strict implementation of fire control measures

In addition to the kitchen, “triple play” venues should not use or store liquefied petroleum gas, fireworks, firecrackers, paint, gasoline and other flammable combustibles. Liquefied petroleum gas tanks should be separated from the kitchen fire separation measures. Homes must not store dangerous goods. All electrical circuits should meet the load requirements of electrical equipment, and should not be used to temporarily connect temporary electrical lines. Electrical lines should be made of metal pipes, flame-retardant plastic pipes, etc. Lighting facilities in a building should not be directly installed on flammable finishing materials or combustible objects. Fire safety, electricity, oil, gas, and other fire safety management systems should be used in places.

Strictly implement technical precautions

According to the situation of different “triple play” sites, automatic sprinkler systems, automatic fire alarm systems, or independent smoke detection alarms should be used at the evacuation walkways, accommodations, fire-risk rooms, and evacuation stairs. The device should be equipped with emergency broadcast speakers or fire alarms as required. Fire extinguishers and fire emergency lighting should be installed in the site.

friendly reminder

Three-in-one places must be provided with outdoor evacuation stairs, and safety exits leading to outdoor evacuation ladders should be set up on each floor; escape escape windows can be provided when the number of people staying does not exceed five and the number of floors in the building does not exceed four. Escape escape ladders, escape descending devices, or escape routes to adjacent buildings are used as second escape exits. If you encounter a fire and calm down, you must not blindly escape!

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.