Wheat scab is an important epidemic disease in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. In recent years, it has also increased in the Huanghuai wheat area of ​​China. In addition to the occurrence of this disease, it can lead to loss of wheat yield, and it can also cause contamination of wheat scab pathogens and endanger human and animal health. Practice has shown that the comprehensive prevention and control technology of wheat scab can be integrated by using key technologies such as resistance utilization of wheat varieties, improvement of field tillage techniques and precise utilization of fungicides , and the control effect against scab can reach over 80%, remarkable It is higher than conventional control, and the toxin content of Fusarium in wheat grains is less than 1 mg/kg. At present, the technology has been demonstrated and promoted in many places, and good results have been achieved.
The utilization and rational layout of resistant varieties of resistant wheat varieties are the basis for the prevention and control of wheat scab. At present, although there is no wheat variety with high resistance to scab, there is a big difference in resistance between varieties. In the frequent areas of scab, the medium-resistant varieties are selected to avoid the spread of susceptible varieties from the Changfa wheat area across the region to reduce the risk of disease.
Deep sowing of straw during sowing and rational use of straw returning to the field can leave a large amount of unfermented straw on the soil surface, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of Fusarium. In order to accelerate the maturity of straw and reduce the residue of straw soil surface, in the occurrence and endemic areas of wheat scab, it is recommended to carry out deep burying of straw, and bury the straw into the soil layer below 20 cm through deep soil turning. After ploughing, the corresponding suppression treatment is carried out to accelerate the maturity of the straw and reduce the growth of the bacteria. Conditional areas promote the utilization of straw resources, reduce the breeding matrix of pathogens in the field, and reduce the amount of bacteria.
Strengthen the field management, reduce the humidity in the field, do a good job in the ditch system of the wheat field, and make the irrigation and drainage smooth. After the rain, the wheat should be drained in the field to keep the field low and wet. Strengthen the cultivation and management of wheat in the middle and late growth stages, balance fertilization, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Control the number of wheat populations in the middle and late stages, creating an environment that is not conducive to disease epidemics.
Prevention and control of wheat scab in the flowering period should be based on prevention. In the area where the scab is often developed, it should be actively sprayed in the early stage from wheat to early flowering. Inconsistent growth period and heading and flowering period, in case of continuous rainy weather, large area condensation and foggy weather, re-use the medicine every 5 to 6 days to ensure the effect of chemical control. In the north-central part of Huanghuai and the southern wheat area in southern China, if the weather conditions are suitable for disease occurrence, the chemical control should also be carried out immediately. The agent may be selected from the group consisting of cymene, tebuconazole, carbendazim or a corresponding compounding agent. The dosage should be sufficient. The pure medicinal amount of cymene should be 25 grams per mu, the pure medicinal amount of tebuconazole should be 12 grams per mu, and the pure medicinal amount of carbendazim should be 50 per acre. Gram. If it rains within 6 hours after application, it should be replenished in time after rain. In areas where the scab pathogen has developed resistance to carbendazim, the use of benzoimidazoles such as carbendazim should be discontinued, and cyanolide and tebuconazole should be used instead. When mixed crops such as powdery mildew, rust and aphids occur at the ear of wheat, the corresponding fungicides and insecticides are used in combination. Low-capacity mist and constant spray should be used for prevention and control. Electric sprayers and manual sprayers use about 30 kilograms per mu.
Harvesting wheat in a timely manner requires timely harvesting, drying and drying to avoid excessive humidity during harvesting and storage, resulting in the growth and reproduction of wheat scab, producing toxins.
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