The production of citrus is inseparable from the fruit-preserving technology, and the fruit preservation includes the prevention and control of pests and diseases and the prevention and control of a large number of physiological fruit drop. The prevention and control of pests and diseases are generally understood by fruit farmers. However, while pests and diseases are being controlled and controlled, how to rationally locate fruit and prevent a large number of physiological fruit drop is a relatively complicated task. Some measures of fruit conservation and other management measures are conflicting, so it is necessary to grasp The primary and secondary of a good problem can get the most benefit.
The causes of citrus fruit drop can be divided into two aspects: infective pests and diseases and non-invasive problems: one is the prevention and control of invasive pests and diseases of citrus fruit, such as red spider, scale insect, whitefly, beetle, anthracnose, Ulcers and other diseases are more serious in the flowering and small fruit stages, causing a large number of irreversible physiological fruit drop, and once infected by pests and diseases, the fruit loses its commercial character. Second, non-invasive diseases, such as environmental stress, imbalance of hormone levels, nutritional deficiencies.
1 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
The effects of pests and diseases on citrus fruit trees include: 1. Suppressing or destroying the normal physiological functions of the plants, resulting in serious fruit falling and falling; Secondly, directly consuming large amounts of nutrients in the trees, resulting in insufficient supply of flowers and fruits, causing more flowers and fruits. The prevention and control of pests and diseases should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, no disease firstâ€, and the occurrence of pests and diseases has the characteristics of regular occurrence, which generally changes with the seasons and weather changes. Therefore, before the occurrence of pests and diseases, the drug is used in advance to control the problem in the bud, which is cost-effective and efficient for later management.
2 water regulation
Too much rain may cause too much water in the soil, citrus roots will not get enough nutrients, leaves will not be able to synthesize enough carbohydrates without light, and citrus fruits will not absorb enough nutrients and lack nutrients. When the weather is dry, the roots can not absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil, the synthetic carbohydrates in the leaves are blocked, and the fruit development lacks the supply of water and organic and inorganic nutrients, resulting in a large number of fruit drop. Generally, the soil moisture should be kept at about 75% in the small fruit and middle fruit stages, which is more conducive to the development of the fruit.
3 high temperature and high humidity weather and summer shoot management
In summer, there are more high-temperature and high-humidity weather, and citrus will pump a lot of summer shoots, which will affect the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Studies have shown that severe high temperature can cause a large number of citrus fruit drop, such as: (1) when the abnormal high temperature is 35-37 ° C, the citrus old leaf tip yellowing off or the new leaf micro-volume, followed by abnormal fruit drop; (2) short time high temperature Acute outbreak of high temperature dry hot air in 2-3 days, 5-6 grade dry wind, drought and abnormal fruit drop time is short, concentrated in 4-5 days, a large number of fruit drop. Hanging fruit trees, a large number of summer shoots will compete with the fruit for nutrition, and at the same time affect the hormone balance, resulting in a large number of fruit drop.
4 Nutrition Management
During the citrus fruit development period, the demand for nutrition has diverse characteristics. Therefore, under the current citrus management form, lack of nutrition or imbalance is the main cause of physiological fruit drop. For example, the citrus small fruit stage has a large demand for organic nutrition. Timely supplementation can reduce the physiological stalk caused by insufficient carbohydrate; More calcium and potassium are needed. Calcium can strengthen the skin cells and the firmness of the flesh. Potassium mainly promotes the synthesis of carbohydrates, which in turn promotes the color change of the fruit.
In summary, to do the work of citrus preservation and fruit preservation, we must first adjust the management plan of water, nutrition and pests according to the changes of the weather and the stage of fruit development, and use the fertilizer to supplement the water. The result will be twice the result with half the effort.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
(Source: 191 agricultural capital)
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