China's auto and parts products have international comparative advantages, and the international market has great potential demand. However, compared with developed countries and newly industrialized countries (regions), there is still a big gap, and there are problems such as extensive export operations, lack of brand and marketing network. The insiders pointed out that the management and guidance of export enterprises by the relevant state departments need to be strengthened. The current policies and regulations are difficult to promote the adjustment of export product structure and market structure, and there is still a lack of policies and environment to encourage enterprises to implement international operations. In this regard, we must take active measures to deal with it.
——The status quo of China's automobile product export and the situation facing it
In recent years, China's auto and parts exports have shown rapid development. From 2001 to 2007, the number of auto and parts exports increased by nearly 50% annually. However, due to the impact of the financial crisis, since the second half of 2008, the growth rate of China's auto and parts exports has fallen sharply.
According to statistics, in 2008, the export of automobile vehicles was 680,700 units, an increase of 11.1% year-on-year, with an increase of 67.85 percentage points. The export value was 9.633 billion US dollars, an increase of 31.75% over the same period; auto parts The export value was US$23.23 billion, up 19.8% year-on-year; the engine exports were 426,000 units, down 15.7% year-on-year, and the export value was US$7.17 billion, down 4.43% year-on-year. In the first three quarters of 2009, the cumulative export value of national automobile products was 25.78 billion US dollars, down 33.57% year-on-year. The export value of the whole vehicle was 3.384 billion US dollars, a decrease of 52.57% over the same period of the previous year.
China's auto products have international comparative advantages, and the international market has great potential. Since 2006, the relevant state ministries and commissions have started drafting the "Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of China's Automobile Products Exports". On October 23, 2009, the Ministry of Commerce and other six ministries and commissions issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of China's Automobile Products Export" with the document "Commercial Production [2009] No. 523".
The six ministries believe that after rapid development in recent years, the export of automobile products has become an important part of China's automobile industry and an important carrier for transforming the growth mode of foreign trade. In order to cope with the impact of the international financial crisis, China's auto industry should implement the auto industry adjustment and revitalization plan in accordance with the overall requirements of “guarantee growth, expand domestic demand, and adjust structure†to promote the sustained, healthy and stable development of China's auto and parts exports.
Zhang Xiaoxiong, head of automotive research at Ipsos Shanghai Branch, said that the development goals set out in the comments were very clear and the scope of the specific measures was comprehensive. However, it is necessary to formulate supporting implementation rules to ensure that specific measures are in place. It is recommended that relevant national ministries and commissions formulate comprehensive or special implementation rules for the guiding principles in the opinions, especially to formulate specific financial support and fiscal and tax incentive policies.
-- The management and guidance of export enterprises by relevant state departments need to be strengthened
Generally speaking, at present, China's auto and parts exports still have a big gap compared with developed countries and newly industrialized countries (regions). It is still in its infancy, with extensive export operations, lack of brand and marketing networks, and weak independent innovation capabilities. The added value of export products is not high, and the protection of intellectual property rights needs to be strengthened. It is necessary for the relevant state departments to strengthen the management and guidance of export enterprises.
According to the analysis of Ipsos Consulting, there are two main problems in the export management of automobile products in China:
First, market regulations and policy information are not timely and unobstructed. Due to the lag of information services in government departments, the procedures for obtaining policy support are too complicated and costly, and the functional departments such as commodity inspection and customs have inconsistent understanding of the published market regulations and policies, resulting in repeated investment in export or foreign investment enterprises. The cost is too high.
Second, the international operation of enterprises lacks the unified coordination between the government and the industry. Chinese auto companies in the same market often experience mutual price reduction and vicious competition, which not only affects the brand image of Chinese products, but also effectively protects the overall interests of domestic enterprises.
-- Current policies and regulations are difficult to promote the adjustment of export product structure and market structure
At present, China's automobile export product structure and market structure are unreasonable, affecting the overall efficiency.
From the perspective of export product structure, vehicle exports, especially car exports, are mainly adapted to the needs of the middle and low-end markets of developing countries. The competitors facing the market are mainly domestic enterprises themselves. The export of auto parts is still based on low value-added products, mainly concentrated in labor-intensive automotive electronics, instrumentation and resource-intensive tires, body accessories and parts, wheels and parts, engines and parts, brakes And parts, trailer semi-trailers and parts, automotive lighting and signaling devices. The export value of the above auto parts accounts for more than 70% of the export value of parts and components.
From the export target market, 90% of the vehicle export market is in developing countries, and the EU and the US only account for 10%. The main markets are the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia and South America. The export market for auto parts is the opposite of the whole vehicle, with 63.5% of the products exported to developed countries. However, it is difficult for the current national policies and regulations to promote the optimal adjustment of the structure and market structure of export products for automobiles and parts.
-- Lack of policies and environment to encourage companies to implement international operations
Insiders pointed out that the "PRC Foreign Trade Law" stipulates that the state develops foreign trade through import and export credit, export credit insurance, export tax rebates and other means of promoting foreign trade. However, the existing export credit institutions have higher financing costs, and many small and medium-sized enterprises are not supported by financial preferential policies. China still lacks a set of overall preferential policies to encourage enterprises to “go globalâ€.
At present, the policy support for overseas projects of enterprises has the following problems:
First, the overall policy support is not strong. Some of the incentive measures commonly used in the world, such as the loss of overseas investment in fiscal policy, income tax reduction, etc., have not been implemented in China.
Second, encourage the existence of restrictions on ownership of policies, and some policies only target state-owned enterprises, which is inconsistent with the orientation of China's overall reform.
Third, the incentive policy lacks a clear regional orientation, and there is a serious “getting together†phenomenon in enterprises “going outâ€.
Fourth, encourage policies to pay more attention to the field of export trade, and lack of corresponding policy guidelines for enterprises to “go global†overseas investment. In addition, the excessively strict foreign exchange management system has also hindered the development of overseas investment.
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