1 Introduction
How to manage a large amount of electronic data and quickly find and access the required information is an important issue for enterprises to solve. The emergence of Product Data Management (PDM) provides a reliable way to do this. The promotion and application of foreign PDM technology has significantly improved the competitiveness of manufacturing products and achieved very significant economic benefits. In recent years, the effect of implementing PDM in Chinese enterprises is not ideal. There are still some misunderstandings about the understanding and application of PDM concepts.
2 basic concepts of PDM
PDM technology first appeared in the 1980s. The original intention was to solve the management problem of a large number of engineering pattern documents, and then gradually extended to three areas of the product development process: 1) management of design drawings and electronic documents; 2) management of automation engineering change orders; 3) bill of materials (BOM) Management. So far, there is no complete and definitive definition of PDM. D1 Burdick defines PDM as “CIM Strategy Analysis Reportâ€: “PDM is a key technology for designing and producing a parallel product art environment (consisting of supply, engineering, manufacturing, procurement, sales and marketing, customers). A mature PDM system enables all people involved in creating, communicating, and maintaining design intent to freely share and deliver all dynamic data related to the product throughout the information lifecycle."
PDM is based on software technology and takes products as the core to realize integrated and integrated management of data, processes and resources related to products. PDM is clearly positioned as a manufacturing enterprise, with products as the core of management, with data, processes and resources as the three elements of management information.
The two main lines of PDM information management are static product structure and dynamic product design process. All information organization and resource management are built around product design. This is also the PDM system different from other information management systems, such as management. The key to information systems (M IS), material management systems (MRP), and project management systems (Project Management). The relationship between data, processes, resources, and products in a PDM system is shown in Figure 1.
3 PDM system architecture
The PDM system is a management software system that is oriented to the product life cycle and products as the core. The product data, design activities, personnel organization and related design environment in the product design and development process are unified.
The PDM prototype system is supported by distributed data processing technology in the network environment. It uses the client/server architecture and object Oriented design method to provide the underlying services for the development network and data operation interface modules. And support, and provide product data organization and management functions and user front-end software toolset, realize product life cycle information management, coordinate control workflow and project progress, and establish a parallel product development collaboration environment within the enterprise. The architecture of the PDM system is shown in Figure 2.
The PDM architecture is divided into four layers:
The first layer is the user interface layer: providing the user with an interactive graphical interface, including a graphical browser, various menus, dialog boxes, etc., for supporting command operations and information input and output.
The second layer is the core functional layer: the core functions of the PDM system software (document management function, product structure management function, part classification management and retrieval function, workflow management function, user management function and system integration function).
The third layer is the framework core layer: the core structure and architecture for implementing various functions of PDM. Since the object management framework of the PDM system has the characteristics of shielding heterogeneous operating systems, networks, and databases, when users apply various functions of the PDM system, Transparent operation of data, transparent call of application, and transparent management of processes are realized.
The fourth layer is the system support layer: the current popular relational database system is the PDM support platform, and the data operation function provided by the relational database supports the management of the PDM system object in the underlying database.
4 PDM features
At present, various commercial PDM software products are similar, and generally have the following main functions (as shown in Figure 3).
4-1 Electronic Warehouse and Document Management
For most enterprises, many different computer systems and different computer software are needed to generate the various data required for the entire life cycle of the product, and these computer systems and software may be built on different network systems. In this case, how to ensure the timeliness and correctness of the data, and to make the data fully shared throughout the enterprise, while also ensuring that the data is protected from intentional or unintentional damage, these are urgently needed to be resolved. The problem.
PDM's vault and document management provides storage, retrieval and management of distributed heterogeneous data. In PDM, data access is completely transparent to the user, and the user does not need to care about the specific location of the electronic data storage. The security mechanism of the vault allows administrators to define different roles and assign different access rights and scopes to these roles. By assigning users the appropriate roles, data can only be obtained or modified by authorized users. At the same time, the release and change of electronic data in PDM must pass the pre-defined approval process before it can take effect, so that users get the correct information that is always approved.
4-2 Product Structure and Configuration Management
Product structure and configuration management is one of the core functions of PDM. This function can be used to manage product structure and configuration information and Bill of Material (BOM). Users can use the graphical interface provided by PDM to view and edit the product structure.
In the PDM system, zeros and components are organized according to the assembly relationship between them. Users can associate various product definition data with zeros and components, and finally form a complete description of the product structure. The traditional BOM can also utilize PDM. Automatic generated. In the enterprise, the product structure of the same product is different in different departments, so the PDM system also provides the function of organizing the product structure by product view. By establishing a corresponding product view, different departments of the enterprise can organize the product structure in the form they need. When the product structure changes, you can analyze and control the impact of changes on the entire enterprise through a networked product structure view.
4-3 Lifecycle (Workflow) Management
The PDM lifecycle management module manages the dynamic definition process of product data, including the macro process (product life cycle) and various micro processes (such as the approval process). Management of the product lifecycle includes the retention and tracking of all history of the product from concept design, product development, manufacturing to production stoppages, and the processing steps that must be followed to define the transition of a product from one state to another.
Administrators can construct product design or change processes through a combination of basic processing steps for product data, including specifying tasks, approving, and notifying relevant personnel. The construction of the process is based on the analysis of the various business processes in the enterprise.
4-4 Integrated Development Interface
The situation of each enterprise varies widely, and the needs of users are also diverse. No PDM system can adapt to all enterprises, which requires PDM systems to have strong customization and secondary development capabilities. Many PDM products now offer secondary development kits that PDM implementers or users can use to tailor their business-specific situations.
5 PDM in the automotive industry
Automobile manufacturing enterprises are comprehensive enterprises that effectively manage various types of data of automobile products and improve the information management level of automobile manufacturers, thereby realizing the parallel engineering of automobile design and manufacturing, which is the key point of current automobile manufacturing enterprises. Now it is explained from the following aspects.
5-1 Parts Processing Management
It is the basis of production management to clarify the correspondence between the vehicle and the parts and components. Master the latest processing conditions and deliver information to relevant departments in a timely manner as needed. To this end, the product structure tree can be compiled. The hierarchical structure of the tree indicates the assembly order of the parts. The corresponding nodes are parts, assemblies or assemblies. The nodes can express zero and related information through the nodes.
5-2 Equipment Management
The investment in equipment and tooling used in the automobile manufacturing industry has increased sharply with the expansion of the company's scale, and the variety has become more and more diverse. As equipment tends to be larger, more complex, and more automated, the process equipment used in the manufacturing process has also become larger, more diverse, more complex, and more efficient, and the price of equipment and tooling has also increased significantly. At the same time, the proportion of transportation equipment and inspection equipment is increasing, and the importance of equipment management is paid more attention. Taking tool management as an example, whenever the vehicle is remodeled or the process changes, it should be closely coordinated with the process plan and equipment plan to develop a detailed tool plan, and carry out tool design, purchase, inventory management, manufacturing, repair, etc. A series of daily management business activities.
5-3 Quality Management
A large number of substandard products may be produced under many production conditions, and precautions must be taken. Carefully analyze various factors affecting quality in the planning and manufacturing phases of the product, for example, processing and monitoring of on-line inspection data of the vehicle body, and control chart processing analysis of offline monitoring data to determine whether the process status is normal.
5-4 Engineering Changes
Engineering changes are a very important business in the production and operation of automobile manufacturing enterprises. Engineering change requirements may arise when user needs change, supplier changes, product quality issues, and deviations in the manufacturing process. Generally, technical management personnel first issue engineering change orders, set change permissions, and assign designers and technicians to modify corresponding drawings, documents, product structures, and so on. The change person and change time of each change are automatically generated by the system and filled in the change mark column. If the number of changes exceeds a certain number of changes, the system alarm prompts to re-map. Changes to the routing will be reflected in the properties of the BOM. Then, the designer enters the change order, issues the change data, fills in the distribution column information, and enters the change approval stage. Then, enter the production management department, specify the production batch number and usage time, and enter the procurement department to provide the supply information of raw materials, parts and components. Finally, according to the distribution information, the corresponding drawings, documents, and BOMs are distributed to the executive departments and the outsourcing factories, and are printed and executed by each department.
5-5 Integrated Information Management
By establishing a product comprehensive information feedback form in PDM, each department can provide implementation status, design and quality issues, solutions and rationalization proposals at various stages of the product in real time, and fully utilize the parallel, high-speed and multimedia transmission characteristics of electronic information to make the PDM system Become an information exchange platform to achieve synergy in the PDM environment in the market, design, process, manufacturing, production management, procurement, after-sales service, quality inspection, finance, and comprehensive departments.
In the implementation of PDM in automobile manufacturing enterprises, it is necessary to understand the precautions of the implementation of general PDM systems, and also to combine the characteristics of the automotive industry.
In the selection of PDM, since PDM is an enterprise-level management software that needs to be implemented in a targeted manner, enterprises must schedule software prerequisites and optional according to their own needs and priorities according to their own needs. The function is to find the right supplier to provide strong technical support and service capabilities. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the industry background and implementation capabilities of the internal implementation team.
Implementing PDM in the enterprise requires a sense of overall and integration. Before implementing PDM, companies must develop appropriate rules and regulations and carefully train all relevant personnel.
In the management of product data and its associated relationships, PDM should provide classification management and other support design reuse functions, and must be able to fully integrate or inherit the historical data of the enterprise. The product data mainly exists in electronic media (for design) and paper media (mainly for guiding production), and enterprises should establish corresponding systems to ensure the consistency of paper documents and electronic documents. For the product development model, it needs to change from centralized development to collaborative product development in heterogeneous and distributed environments, from departmental and enterprise-level product data systems to product lifecycle management systems.
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