The world is warming more and more obviously. Carbon dioxide is becoming the culprit. We cannot just spray all carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but use it more. Scientists are looking for ways to collect from the air and hide it underground, store it in concrete, convert it into carbon nanofibers and even make fuel from it. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have now found another way to reuse this undesirable element-manufacturing lithium-carbon dioxide batteries.
Carbon dioxide may sound common, but the problem is that converting it to different forms usually requires high voltage and sufficient energy, which offsets the benefits of removing it from the atmosphere from the beginning.
So the MIT team began to study whether carbon dioxide could be captured and used in batteries. Since carbon dioxide is not very active, previous attempts at lithium-carbon dioxide batteries required the use of metal catalysts, but the researchers found a way to use carbon electrodes.
First, carbon dioxide is preactivated by incorporating carbon dioxide into the amine solution. This aqueous solution is then mixed with another liquid electrolyte and used in a battery with a carbon cathode and a lithium anode.
"This technology can activate carbon dioxide, thereby enabling easier electrochemistry," said the author of the study, Betar Gallant. "These two chemicals-aqueous amines and non-aqueous battery electrolytes-cannot usually be used together, but we found that their combination brings new and interesting behaviors that can increase the discharge voltage and allow continuous conversion of carbon dioxide.
This battery not only provides power comparable to existing lithium batteries, but when the battery is discharged, it converts the carbon dioxide in the electrolyte into a solid mineral carbonate form. Compared to most other technologies, this is a more efficient way to convert carbon dioxide from gas to solid, and then the solid form can be used for other purposes-including manufacturing carbon cathodes for future batteries.
However, at present, this battery is only in a state of proof of concept. Researchers say that commercial lithium-carbon dioxide batteries will take several years. At the same time, several other issues need to be resolved, such as the number of repetitions of charging-currently, the battery can only run about 10 charging cycles.
The research was published in the journal Joule.
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