[Students' questions] Wall construction technology for dry hanging stone?
[Answer] A. Working conditions
1. The structure has been inspected and accepted, and the procedures for inspection and pre-inspection have been completed. The installation of water, electricity, ventilation and equipment has been completed.
2. The slate is prepared according to the specifications, varieties, quality standards, physical and mechanical properties and quantity of the design drawings, and the surface is protected by six sides.
3. The outer door and window have been installed and have passed the inspection to meet the prescribed quality standards.
4, stainless steel anchors, embedded glue, sealant, glue gun, foam strips and hand-held power tools have been prepared.
5. Technical delivery of construction operators should emphasize technical measures, quality standards and finished product protection.
6, first make a model, after the quality inspection department self-inspection, reported to the owner and design qualification, before the organization of personnel to carry out large-scale construction.
B. Construction process
1. Acceptance of stone: The stone to be inspected should be managed by a special person. It is necessary to carefully check the stone specifications and models according to the design requirements, and whether it is consistent with the bill of materials. If the color is obviously inconsistent, it should be placed separately to return it to the manufacturer.
2, erect scaffolding: use steel pipe fasteners to set up double-row scaffolding, the vertical distance from the wall to the wall is not less than 500mm, the short crossbar from the wall is not less than 300mm, the frame and the main structure are anchored firmly, the shelf is full Spread the springboard and set up a safety net on the outside.
3, measuring the pay-off: first the wall, the cylinder, the door and window of the stone to be dry hanging with a special large line pendant or theodolite to find the vertical from top to bottom. At the same time, the thickness of the stone and the spacing of the stone endothelium from the surface of the structure should be considered, generally 60 to 80 mm. According to the height of the stone, the horizontal line is measured and marked on the wall. The general slat is 6~10mm. The elastic line should be separated from the center of the outer wall to the sides and the upper and lower sides. The error should be even.
4. Drilling and grooving: Before installing the slate, measure the exact position, and then drill the groove. For reinforced concrete or brick wall, first drill the hole at the end of the slab at 80~100mm from the center of the hole. Deep 20~25mm, then drill a hole with a diameter of 8~10mm at the position where the wall is slotted with respect to the slate. Insert one end of the stainless steel expansion bolt into the hole and fix the anchor at the other end. For reinforced concrete column beams, due to the high reinforcement ratio of the members and the large area of ​​the steel bars, it is difficult to drill and groove in some parts. When measuring the elastic lines, the position of the steel bars should be avoided on the columns or walls to accurately mark them. Drilling position, after drilling and fixing the expansion bolt anchor, drilling and slotting at the corresponding position of the slate.
5. Installation of the bottom slab: Install the bottom slab, which should be installed according to the position of the stainless steel anchor on the fixed wall. The specific operation is to install the slab hole and the anchor fixing pin in the opposite position, and use the rectangular bolt hole of the anchor. Adjust the flatness of the slate, and find the yin and yang angle square square. Pull the line to find the slate on the slab. Then fix the slab firmly with the anchor, and fill the anchor with the embedded glue.
6. Ascending slate installation: first insert the embedded glue into the bolt hole of the next row of slabs, wipe the residual glue, and then place the ascending slab in accordance with the operation method of installing the slate. Check the installation quality and fix it according to the design and specification requirements. For the parts of the stone plate that are not easily fixed on the shovel, the sides of the slab can be fixed in the same way.
7. Sealing and caulking: After the slate is affixed, the surface is cleaned and the dust in the gap is removed. First, the inside of the slab is filled with foam strips with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm, leaving a deep seam of 5 to 6 mm, on the slabs on both sides of the seam. Apply 10~15mm wide plastic tape to the seam to prevent contamination of the board surface when the rubber is caulked. Then fill the sealant with a glue gun. If the sealant contaminates the board surface, it must be wiped off immediately. Finally, remove the tape, clean the surface of the stone, polish and polish, and after the quality standard is reached, remove the scaffold.
C. Construction method
1. Stone preparation: The color of the stone should be selected and classified by the colorimetric method. The color of the stone installed on the same side should be the same, and the stone number should be numbered according to the design drawing and the block order.
2. Preparation for the base layer: Clean the structural surface of the prefabricated stone, and at the same time carry out the structural formula, find the rules, and pop up the vertical and horizontal lines. And according to the design drawings and actual needs, the position line and the block line of the installation stone are popped up.
3. Hanging line: According to the requirements of the design drawings, the vertical control line of the two sides of the big angle should be struck by the theodolite before the installation of the stone. It is best to play the position at a distance of 20cm from the big angle, so as to check the accurate line of the vertical hanging line at any time to ensure Install it smoothly and mark it up and down the control line.
4. Support the bottom veneer bracket, and put the pre-arranged support on the upper slab to be installed according to the upper line. The support should be firmly supported, and should be connected to each other. It can also be connected with the shelf. After the bracket is installed, the 50mm thick wooden board should be paved in the direction of the support, and the upper part of the board should be on the same level. Ensure that the top and bottom of the stone are on the same level.
5. Connect the iron parts: fix the angle steel and flat steel plate with the stainless steel bolts specified in the design. Adjust the position of the flat steel plate so that the small hole of the flat steel plate is just opposite to the insertion hole of the stone plate, fix the flat steel plate, and tighten with a wrench.
6, the bottom slate installation: the side of the connecting iron pieces, you can put the bottom panel on the corner of the piece.
7. Adjusting and fixing: After the panel is temporarily fixed, adjust the level. If the surface of the board is not flat, a corresponding double-strand copper wire mat can be placed on the flat steel plate at the lower end of the bottom of the board. Adjust the verticality and adjust the gap between the stainless steel connectors on the top of the panel until the panel is vertical.
8. Top panel installation: In addition to understanding the general slate installation requirements, the last layer of the top panel is installed and adjusted. In the gap between the structure and the slate, a long 20mm thick wooden strip is hoisted, and the wooden strip is flat for 250mm. The lifting point can be set on the connecting iron piece. The color aluminum wire can be used to hang the wooden strips. After the wooden strips are hoisted, the fillings are placed in the gap between the slate and the wall surface, and the packing is tight to prevent slurry leakage during grouting.
9. Clean the surface of stone and granite: Remove the anti-fouling strips on the surface of marble and granite, and wipe the stone with cotton thread.
D. Finished product protection
1. Scientifically arrange the construction sequence, and the construction of water, electricity, heating, ventilation, equipment installation, etc. should be done in advance to prevent damage and pollution of the external stone veneer.
2. It is necessary to clean and clean the sealant, dust, adhesive, oil stain, fingerprint, water and other debris left on the door and window frame, glass and metal veneer in a timely and serious manner; it is necessary to stick a protective film to prevent pollution and rust.
3. It is strictly forbidden to collide with dry slate finish when disassembling or loading.
4. After the finish is finished, the corners of the easily damaged part should be protected by the wooden board. When the other work is done, the slate of the painted surface should be strictly prevented.
5. When the outdoor brushing agent is not dry, it is strictly forbidden to pour garbage, dregs or flippers.
6, the completed external stone facing, should be assigned to take care of, in order to prevent the behavior of the finished product, such as scribbling on the veneer.
7. Construction precautions:
7.1. Different colors: In order to prevent the color of the outer facing stone from being inconsistent, the stone board should be carefully selected and tried in advance during construction.
7.2 The line angle is not straight and the seam is uneven. In order to prevent the line angle from being straight, the gap is not uniform. Before construction, the actual size of the structure should be checked according to the design drawing size. The segmented block should be precise and detailed. And often pull the horizontal line and the hanging vertical line to check the correction.
7.3 During the dry hanging process of the stone, the marble glue can only be used as a temporary quick fix. After it is in place, it must be reinforced with AB glue.
E. Quality standards
(1) Main control project
1. The variety, specifications, performance and grade of materials used in stone wall engineering shall comply with the design requirements and the current national product standards and engineering technical specifications.
2, the shape of the stone wall, the facade, color, gloss, pattern and pattern should meet the requirements.
3. The number, depth, position and size of stone holes and slots should meet the design requirements.
The connection nodes of the corner should meet the design requirements and technical standards.
(2) General items
1. The surface of the stone wall should be smooth and clean, free of pollution, defects and cracks. The color and pattern should be consistent, no obvious color difference, no obvious scratches.
2, stone joints should be horizontal and vertical, wide and narrow; yin and yang slab pressure should be correct, the edge of the slab should be straight; the thickness of the embossed line should be consistent, the upper and lower mouth should be straight; the stone panel on the hole, groove side Should be cut and matched, the edges should be neat.
3. The allowable deviation of the installation of stone veneer shall comply with the provisions of Table 8.2.9 of the “Code for the Acceptance of Quality of Building Decoration Engineeringâ€.
The above contents are compiled according to the problems encountered by the students in the actual work, for reference, if there is any problem, please communicate and correct in time.
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