Configuration and use of ship lifesaving equipment (2)

Configuration and use of ship lifesaving equipment (2)
Section 2 Basic Requirements and Functions of Life Saving Equipment

First, the basic requirements for ship lifesaving equipment:
1. All life-saving equipment should be immediately available before the ship leaves port and on all voyages.
2. Lifeboats , liferafts and buoyancy aids should be able to land in the shortest possible time. Under normal weather conditions, lifeboats, rafts, or floats on passenger ships can all surface within 30 minutes, and ships other than passenger ships should not exceed 10 minutes.
Basic requirements for ship life-saving equipment 3. The storage location of all lifesaving equipment should be conducive to its rapid operation and rapid assembly and embarkation of personnel on board.
4. It shall be ensured that all personnel shall be provided with emergency lighting at the access to the boarding point, at the entrance and exit, and at the storage location of life-saving appliances.
5. Life-saving equipment should be able to resist corrosion and corrosion within the validity period, and it will not affect normal use due to sun, seawater, crude oil or mold attack. Lifesaving equipment should be painted orange (yellow).
Second, the basic requirements of lifeboats:
1. All lifeboats have sufficient stability in the waves. After loading the occupants and their attachments, there is enough freeboard to maintain positive stability when the hull breaks through the sea.
2. All lifeboats are of sufficient strength to allow them to land safely after being loaded with crew members and attachments. When the lifeboat of the metal hull is overloaded by 25%, it will not be deformed, and 100% of the other lifeboats will not be deformed by overload.
3, hull structure must be watertight. After loading full occupants and attachments and floating on the surface for 2 hours, the hull should not leak.
4. The lifeboat should be provided with an approved ceiling to protect the occupants from injuries caused by exposure. Domestic sailing ships can be exempted from the need.
5. The length of the lifeboat shall not be less than 7.5 meters, but it shall not exceed 8.5 meters. If it is limited by the scale of the ship or for other reasons, a smaller-scale lifeboat may be adopted with the consent of the ship inspection bureau, but it shall not be less than 5 meters. . :
6. Each lifeboat shall have a weight of no more than 20 tons after it has fully loaded its crew and equipment.
7. The bottom of the lifeboat shall be provided with one or two drainage holes, each of which shall be provided with two bottom plugs, or a reliable, automatic bottom valve.
8. Lifeboats should be equipped with appropriate facilities for people in water supply to climb lifeboats.
9. If the lifeboat is unable to self-righting after overturning, it shall be provided with a bilge keel or keel railing for the personnel to attach to the boat, together with two grip cords secured to the two sides of the keel by the keel, or approved by the Ship Inspection Bureau. Other facilities.
10. The lifeboat should be equipped with a controlled white light that should glow continuously for at least 12 hours and a distance of 2 nautical miles. If using a fuel lamp, prepare two boxes of windproof matches.
11. Lifeboats shall be provided with reflective tapes, laid on the top of the outboard and roofs with a connecting stern edge, the distance between them shall not exceed 500 mm, and the reflective tape at the top of the ceiling shall be in the form of a cross. Domestic marine lifeboats can be exempted.
12. The crew quota for lifeboats should not exceed 150 people.
13. Each lifeboat configuration should not interfere with the operation of other rafts and implements.
Third, the basic requirements of motor lifeboats
The structure of motor lifeboats is not much different from that of general lifeboats. Watertight ribs should be installed in front of the hull as required. The hull should be equipped with a protective cover made of refractory material. The exhaust pipe should be properly wrapped, the tail shaft and other The rotating part should also have a protective cover.
1. The motor lifeboat shall be equipped with a compression ignition internal combustion engine and shall be kept ready for use at any time: The flash point of closed fuel test shall be higher than 43°C.
2. Motor lifeboat engine should be equipped with clutch and reversing device.
3. Motor lifeboat engines should be equipped with a hand starter or an approved power starter so that the engine can be started easily.
(4) Motor lifeboat engines shall be provided with generators for charging batteries for starting or other purposes.
5. The motor lifeboats provided on passenger ships, oil tankers and fish processing vessels shall be loaded with full crew quotas and attachments. The speed in still water shall not be less than 6 nautical miles per hour when tow 1 shall carry a full capacity of 25 crew members and When a liferaft is attached, the speed should not be less than 2 nautical miles per hour. The speed of a motorized lifeboat onboard other ships should not be less than 4 knots. The 83rd Amendment stipulates that the speed of the hydrostatic lifeboat is not less than 6 knots per hour in the still water.
6, should be fully prepared for the 24-hour continuous operation of fuel oil at the required speed.
7. The engine should be able to start and run tests at an ambient temperature of -15°C (258K).
8. The engine should be capable of normal operation with the lifeboat vertically and horizontally at 10 degrees. The circulating pump can automatically draw water. When the water is immersed into the crankshaft centerline level, the machine can still operate.
9. The attachments of motor lifeboats, except that they are not equipped with rafts and sails, only need to be equipped with 4 propellers and 2 hooks, the rest being the same as non-motorized boats. The following should be added: 1 small extinguisher equipped with suitable oil extinguishers; with appropriate spare parts and mechanic tools, placed in the tool box: a searchlight should be provided, a bulb with at least 80 watts, and an effective reflector one side.
10. An enclosed lifeboat is required on the tanker and must be made of metal or other refractory material. The air regeneration system, the compressed air system, and the out-of-boat watering system are provided to ensure that the boat can rush out of the burning sea surface at 1000oC to 1200oC in 10 to 15 minutes.
Fourth, the basic requirements of liferaft (inflatable)
1. Its construction should be able to withstand exposure in all conditions for up to 30 days.
2. Should be able to throw water at a height of 18 meters without affecting use.
3. Floating crickets should be able to withstand repeated jumping from 4.5 meters without damage;
4. Liferafts have a minimum of 6 crew members and no more than 25 crew members.
5. The total weight of life rafts, including outfitting and attachments, is stipulated in the 83 Amendment and should not exceed 185 kg. (Domestic regulations do not exceed 180 kg.)
6. After the liferaft is full of crew and anchored by a sea anchor, it can be towed by a lifeboat in calm water at a speed of 3 knots.
7. Half of the buoyancy in the up and down floats of the raft shall be able to support the full range of life rafts that the occupant is floating on.
8.筏 should be able to use in the temperature range of -30oC to +65oC.
9.筏 The non-toxic gas should be used to inflate. The ambient temperature is between 18oC and 20oC. Within 1 minute and the ambient temperature at -30oC, it is fully sufficient within 3 minutes.
10.筏 A valid leader cable should be provided and its length should not be less than 2 times or 15 meters from the depository to the lightest cruise line, whichever is older (this is the 1983 amendment).
Inflatable liferafts, which are to be fitted with hydrostatically released pressure, shall be fitted with a weak ring (easily broken rope) that can be broken by itself when the raft is automatically floated.
11. The roof of the inflatable liferaft is orange-yellow. The appropriate spacing between the dome, around the tent and the bottom should be equipped with a 5×30 cm reflective tape. And it has at least one window.
12. The storage tank of the bowl should be watertight. When the tank is inflated, it can automatically expand the liferaft inside the container. Usually, the tank should be able to float naturally.
13. The body of the inflatable liferaft shall be marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark, the factory number, the date of manufacture, the name of the accreditation body, and the name and location of the most recent overhaul. On its storage barrel, the year of compliance with SOLAS requirements, the length of the first cable, the height above the waterline, and the instructions for landing must also be indicated.
Additional requirements for inflatable inflatable liferafts
1. Both the buoyancy and the bottom of the raft should be strengthened so that the raft can safely land when fully loaded with crew members and attachments.
2. The arrangement of the suspension ropes should make the load of the floating tires average and does not prevent the crew from boarding and leaving the vehicle quickly.
The sling must be looped in the dome or attached to a shackle with a pin. Its safety factor is greater than 5.
Additional requirements for inflatable inflatable life raft 3. The strength of the inflatable inflatable liferaft shall comply with the following requirements;
(1) At room temperature (20oC ± 2oC), when the safety lock is tight, it can withstand 4 times the total weight of all occupants and equipment.
(2) In severe cold (-30°C), the safety valve can operate and can withstand 1.1 times the total weight of all occupants and equipment.
V. Basic requirements for life jackets
1. Life jacket material requirements:
Life jackets should be made of plastic, kapok or other materials approved by the experience boat department.
(1) Plastics should be soft closed-cell foams, which will not be affected by seawater, oil, or mold erosion during normal use. It is stored within a temperature range of -30oC to +65oC (243 to 338k) without damage, and maintains its performance within a water temperature range of -1oC to +30oC (272 to 303k).
(2) Kapok is rich in oil and fat and must not contain other impurities. Its physical properties and moisture content should meet the specification requirements. After being surrounded by a hydrocarbon flame for 2 seconds, it should not continue to burn from the fire source.
Between the kapok and the lifejacket wrapper of the kapok life jacket, there must be a waterproof inner sleeve made of rubber or other waterproof material.
2. Buoyancy and performance requirements for life jackets (1) No more than two types of life jackets may be used on any ship. - Each type of boat should have a variety of life jackets to use - judge right - unreasonable.
(2) Life jackets on board should be worn on both sides in the same manner, and the wearing method should be simple.
(3) A person wearing a life jacket may turn his or her body to a safe floating position, so that the body tilts upwards, floats his face to the surface, and the mouth is at least 12 cm away from the water.
(4) The wearer will not jump into the water from a height of 4.5 meters and the life jacket will not be displaced or damaged.
(5) The buoyancy of an adult life jacket can float 7.5 kg of iron in fresh water for 24 hours and its buoyancy must not be reduced by 5%.
(6) The buoyancy of a child's life jacket can float 5.0 kg of iron in fresh water for 24 hours.
(7) The inflatable life jacket has two independent air chambers. In fresh water, it can float 15 kilograms of iron for 24 hours, and each independent air chamber can float 7.5 kilograms of iron. Inflatable life jackets should be marked on the inside and outside with the words “Crew dedicated”, but inflatable life jackets are prohibited on passenger ships and tankers.
Sixth, the basic requirements of the life buoy
1. Buoyancy requires the ability to withstand 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water for 24 hours.
2. The water-saving test of the lifebuoy from a height of 30 meters shall be free from damage and permanent deformation, and its attachment property shall not be affected.
3. The lifebuoy should be orange and surrounded by rescue ropes.
4. It should be able to store in the temperature range of -30 oC ~ +65 oC (243 - 338k) without damage, and be used normally in the water temperature range of -1 oC to +30 oC (272 - 303k), and it is resistant to corrosion Performance, can withstand the invasion of seawater, sunlight, petroleum products and molds.
5. The outer diameter of the lifebuoy is not more than 760 mm and the inner diameter is not less than 440 mm.
6. After the lifebuoy is surrounded by a hydrocarbon flame for 2 seconds, it should not continue to burn off the fire source.
7. At least 50% of the total number of lifebuoys is equipped with a battery-type self-igniting lighter. The luminous intensity should not be less than 2 candelas and can last for 42 minutes to indicate the position at night. The self-igniting lamp floats off the battery type and there is a chemically self-igniting flame type, but the tanker can only use the battery-type lamp float.
8. Passenger ships with a length of 45 meters or more and other boats with a height of 75 meters or more are equipped with at least one lifebuoy with spontaneous smoke signal on each side, which can emit orange and yellow smoke at a uniform speed for at least 15 minutes. Visible distances are 2 nautical miles or more to indicate location during the day.
9. The lifebuoy must be attached to a synthetic fiber floating rope with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 28 meters or more as a lifeline.
VII. Basic requirements for lifesaving floats
The main difference between lifesaving buoys and liferafts is that liferafts are available for personnel to ride on, have certain attachments, and have a roof covering. The lifebuoy can only help the person in the water to get out of the water and float in the water, waiting for the rescue.
Basic requirements for plastic rescue buoys 1. The plastic rescue buoys are made of foam plastic and should not be adversely affected by seawater and oil. It maintains its buoyancy and durability at sea temperature or climate change.
2. The outer shell should be made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or canvas, with a smooth surface, and the foam core material and the shell should be firmly glued.
3. There must be one synthetic fiber lifeline that surrounds the entire buoy. There should be a float handle equal to the approved number of occupants on the lifeline. Installed at each bent portion.
4. Both sides of the buoyancy device should be able to use.
5. Suitable synthetic rope nets and wooden grid pedals should be provided.
6. The total weight (to be calculated as 14.5 kilograms per person per crew) must be at least 24 hours in fresh water.
7. At any edge of the buoy, the length of every 300 millimeters is calculated as 7 kilograms, and the calculated weight is hung on the lifeline at that side. At this time, the upper edge of the side of the load should not be submerged.
8. The buoyancy device is put into the water from the storage place or 10 meters high, without any damage or permanent deformation.
Eight, the basic requirements of lifeline equipment
1. There are four projectile ropes. Each rope should have a length of 400 meters and a diameter of not less than 4 mm. The rope is an orange-yellow synthetic fiber floating rope and its breaking force should be greater than 200 kg.
2. In normal weather conditions, the ejector should have a throw distance of not less than 230 meters and a certain degree of accuracy. The deviation should be no more than 20 meters (1/10 of the throw distance).
3. The construction of the rope throwing equipment should be operated, handled and handled safely by one person.
4. Rock throwing rockets require watertightness and rockets and cartridges are stored in special boxes. In normal storage, the rocket is valid for 3 years.
Allocation and Use of Ship Life Saving Equipment (I): Section 1 Types and Standards of Life Saving Equipment
Allocation and Use of Ship Life Saving Equipment (3): Section 3 Layout and Use of Life Saving Equipment