Steel is an iron-carbon alloy containing between 0.04% and 2.3% carbon. In order to ensure its toughness and plasticity, the carbon content generally does not exceed 1.7%. In addition to iron and carbon, the main elements of steel include silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. There are various classification methods for steel, and the main methods are as follows:
1. Classified by quality
(1) Ordinary steel (P ≤ 0.045%, S ≤ 0.050%)
(2) High-quality steel (P and S are ≤0.035%)
(3) High-quality steel (P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%)
2. Classified by chemical composition
(1) Carbon steel: low carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25%); medium carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25-0.60%); high carbon steel (C ≥ 0.60%).
(2) Alloy steel: low alloy steel (total content of alloying elements ≤ 5%); medium alloy steel (total content of alloying elements > 5-10%); high alloy steel (total content of alloying elements > 10%).
3. Classified according to the forming method:
(1) Forged steel
(2) Cast steel
(3) Hot rolled steel
(4) Cold drawn steel.
4. Classification by metallographic organization
(1) Annealed state: hypoeutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite); eutectoid steel (pearlite); hypereutectoid steel (pearlite + cementite); Leysite steel (pearlite + seepage) Carbon body).
(2) Normalized state: pearlitic steel; bainitic steel; martensitic steel; austenitic steel.
(3) No phase change or partial phase change
5, by purpose
(1) Steel for construction and engineering: ordinary carbon structural steel; low alloy structural steel; steel.
(2) Structural steel
a. Mechanical manufacturing steel: quenched and tempered structural steel; surface hardened structural steel: including carburized steel, ammoniated steel, surface quenching steel; easy-cut structural steel; cold plastic forming steel: including cold stamping steel, cold heading Use steel.
b. spring steel
c. bearing steel
(3) Tool steel: carbon tool steel; alloy tool steel; high speed tool steel.
(4) Special performance steel: stainless acid-resistant steel; heat-resistant steel: including anti-oxidation steel, heat-strength steel, valve steel; electro-thermal alloy steel; wear-resistant steel; low-temperature steel;
(5) Professional steel: such as steel for bridges, steel for ships, steel for boilers, steel for pressure vessels, steel for agricultural machinery, etc.
6, comprehensive classification
(1) ordinary steel
a. Carbon structural steel: Q195; Q215 (A, B); Q235 (A, B, C); Q255 (A, B); Q275.
b. Low alloy structural steel
c. Ordinary structural steel for specific purposes
(2) high quality steel (including high quality steel)
a. Structural steel: high-quality carbon structural steel; alloy structural steel; spring steel; easy-cut steel; bearing steel; high-quality structural steel for specific purposes.
b. Tool steel: carbon tool steel; alloy tool steel; high speed tool steel.
c. Special performance steel: stainless acid-resistant steel; heat-resistant steel; electrothermal alloy steel; electrical steel; high-manganese wear-resistant steel.
7, classified according to smelting methods
(1) According to furnace type
a. Open hearth steel: acid open hearth steel; alkaline open hearth steel.
b. Converter steel: acid converter steel; alkaline converter steel. Or bottom blowing converter steel; side blowing converter steel; top blowing converter steel.
c. Electric furnace steel: electric arc furnace steel; electroslag furnace steel; induction furnace steel; vacuum self-consumption furnace steel; electron beam furnace steel.
(2) according to the deoxygenation group (18) poor? br> boiling steel; semi-killed steel; killed steel; special killed steel.
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