Glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), commonly known as FRP, is a composite plastic based on glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin and phenolic resin. As a kind of composite material, FRP has been widely used in aerospace, railway railway, decorative building, home furniture, building materials sanitary ware and sanitation engineering, etc. due to its unique performance advantages.
Glass fiber reinforced plastics are classified into glass fiber reinforced composite plastics (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced composite plastics (CFRP), and boron fiber reinforced composite plastics, depending on the fibers used. It uses glass fiber and its products (glass cloth, tape, felt, yarn, etc.) as a reinforcing material, and synthetic resin as a base material. The fiber reinforced composite material is composed of reinforcing fibers and a matrix. Fibers (or whiskers) have a small diameter, typically less than 10 microns, and are brittle materials that are susceptible to damage, breakage, and corrosion. The matrix is ​​viscoelastic and elastoplastic and is a ductile material.
The relative density of glass fiber reinforced plastics is between 1.5 and 2.0, only 1/4 to 1/5 of carbon steel, but the tensile strength is close to or even exceeds that of carbon steel, and the strength can be comparable to that of high-grade alloy steel. Therefore, glass fiber reinforced plastics are widely used in aerospace, rockets, spacecraft, high pressure vessels, and other articles that need to reduce their own weight. Some epoxy FRPs have tensile, bending and compressive strengths of up to 400 MPa.
The main advantage:
1. Good corrosion resistance. It has good resistance to atmospheric, water and general concentrations of acids, alkalis, salts and various oils and solvents. It has been applied to all aspects of chemical corrosion protection and is replacing carbon steel and stainless steel. , wood, non-ferrous metals, etc.
2. Good dielectric properties are excellent insulating materials that can be used to make insulators. Good dielectric properties are maintained at high frequencies.
3. Good thermal performance, low thermal conductivity, 1.25 kJ / (m·h·open) to 1.67 kJ / (m·h·open) at room temperature, only 1/100 to 1/1000 of metal, excellent Thermal insulation material. In the case of instantaneous ultra-high temperature, it is an ideal thermal protection and ablation resistant material, which can protect the spacecraft from high-speed airflow impact above 2000 °C.
4. High designability can fully select a variety of materials to meet the characteristics of different products, such as can be designed to be corrosion-resistant, resistant to transient high temperatures, some aspects of the product have a particularly high strength, dielectric properties are particularly good, etc. Types of.
5. Excellent processability The flexible molding process can be selected according to the shape, technical requirements, use and quantity of the product; the process is simple and can be formed at one time, especially for products with complicated shapes, difficult to form, and small quantities, the process is more Excellent.
Main disadvantages:
1. Elastic Modulus The small elastic modulus is twice as large as that of wood, but smaller than steel, so the product is insufficient in rigidity and easily deformed. However, it can be made into a thin shell structure or a sandwich structure, and can also be compensated by a high modulus fiber or a reinforcing rib.
2. Long-term temperature resistance difference FRP can not be used for a long time at high temperature. When the general-purpose polyester FRP is above 50 °C, the strength will be significantly reduced, generally only below 100 °C; general-purpose epoxy FRP is above 60 °C. There is a significant decline. However, high temperature resistant resins can be selected to maintain a long-term operating temperature between 200 ° C and 300 ° C.
3. Interlaminar shear strength The low interlaminar shear strength is borne by the resin, so it is very low. The adhesion between layers can be enhanced by selecting a process, using a coupling agent, etc., and avoiding interlayer damage during product design.
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