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According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on July 3, a team of scientists from Harvard University in the United States created qubits at room temperature, stored information for nearly two seconds, and the system life of the earlier period increased by almost six orders of magnitude. . Potential applications for this work include the ultimate function building of quantum computers. The study was published in the latest issue of the journal Science.
How to create the key basis of qubits or qubits in solid-state systems at room temperature is one of the challenges of quantum computing for a long time. In contrast, most current systems rely on complex and expensive equipment to capture a single atom or electron in a vacuum and then the entire system is cooled to near absolute zero. The team was led by Mikhail Lukin, a professor of physics at Harvard University, including graduate students Georg and Peter Maurer and postdoctoral researcher Kristin Rata. They said that they have broken through this issue and turned to one of the purest raw materials on earth - diamonds.
Lu Jin said: “We have already been able to control this unprecedented qubit. We can measure it with very high efficiency and fidelity at room temperature. We can encode data in it and store it in a relatively long time. I believe this work is limited to technical issues, so it seems feasible to increase its life span to the hour. In this regard, it will be possible to produce many applications in reality."
For the practical application of quantum computers, researchers include "quantum cash", which means that bank transactions and credit card payment systems rely on the encoding of qubits to block currency falsification; quantum networks, which use qubits to transmit data are highly secure. System communication.
The groundwork for this groundbreaking research was the discovery by researchers at the NV center several years ago that lab-grown diamonds exhibit atomic-scale impurities in the same manner as single atoms. Like a single atom, each center has a spin, which resembles a bar magnet that can be polarized. Using lasers, researchers can not only control spins, but also detect their direction as it changes over time.
Researchers created qubits using impurities from laboratory-grown diamonds, allowing information to be stored for nearly two seconds. Specifically, the carbon 13 atom in the crystal contains the spin of a nuclei, although weak, but the interaction of these spins by the NV center results in a very short life cycle. The solution is to first cut the connection between the NV center and the carbon 13 atom in the crystal. A large number of lasers are used to be able to effectively keep the NV center dominant and prevent it from interacting with carbon atoms. Then, the diamond crystals are bombarded with a specific set of radio frequency pulses, suppressing the interaction between the carbon 13 atoms and nearby atoms. This will extend the life of the qubits and maintain longer data storage. The end result is that researchers can advance coherence time from milliseconds to nearly two seconds. (Hua Ling)
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