1, fertilization technology points:
1.1 Fertilization period (1) Base fertilizer: The application amount of fruit tree basal fertilizer should account for more than 60% of the total amount of fertilizer, late-maturing varieties should be 60%-70%, and early-maturing varieties should be 70%-80%, generally after the fall of leaves in mid-late November. With the autumn cultivation at the same time. At this time, the roots of fruit trees are at the last peak of growth. Temperature and soil temperature are all suitable. It is not only beneficial to the healing of root wounds, but also enables the basal to decompose and transform as soon as possible, which is beneficial to fruit tree absorption. (2) Dressing: According to the apple tree age and the phenophase requirement fertilizer characteristics divided into several applications: 1 10-15 days before germination to apply, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, potassium and phosphate fertilizers; 2 full fruit period is the top dressing in May Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and some nitrogen fertilizers are added appropriately. On the one hand, it is to increase the fruit setting rate, and on the Other hand, to promote the formation of flower buds. In the following month, top dressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and some nitrogen fertilizers are added appropriately or not. It is to promote fruit enlargement and increase production.
1.2. Fertilizer application According to research reports, the fertility rate of the causal tree depends on the tree age, tree vigor, load, and soil conditions. Each adult apple orchard needs to absorb about 0.5 kg of nitrogen and 0.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per 100 kg of apples. Potassium oxide 0.6 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1..0.6..1.2. Saplings applied 1-1.5 kg of topdressing fertilizer per plant, and the fruiting period gradually increased. The fruit and fertilizer in full fruit period was better than 1..1 or 1..1.5. After many years of experience, it is concluded that young trees are used less, trees are used more, and less fruit is used. There are more apples and more fruit, thicker trunks are applied, and trees are more weak.
1.3 Fertilization methods and location Fertilization of fruit trees should be based on the condition of the tree and soil fertility to determine the specific fertilization method. The best part of fertilization is the area where the hairy roots are concentrated. Therefore, the best part of the fertilization is the deeper and farther place of the capillary root distribution area, in order to induce the root system to develop deeper and deeper, and to expand the area of ​​attraction. Different types of fertilizer, fertilization method and location are also different, base fertilizer combined with the cover after the fall, digging a ring groove, to deepen as well, strong nitrogen mobility, shallow application, phosphate mobility is weak, as far as possible when fertilizing Point, focus point. Adult apple trees should not be fixed on the periphery of the canopy. Fertilization should be used to change the location of fertilization.
Fertilization methods are mainly: 1 circular fertilization method, suitable for fertilization of young trees, in the vertical projection of the edge of the crown digging width 20-30 cm, depth 40-50 cm ring groove, fertilization layer of fertilizer layer of soil. 2 strip fertilization method: This method is usually suitable for mature trees, that is, in the fruit trees between the rows deep digging about 40 cm, 30-40 cm wide strip groove, fertilizer and mud mixed into the ditch. In the second year, you can dig trenches on the opposite sides of the fertilization. 3 whole garden applicator method: this method is suitable for mature orchards, it is necessary to spread the fertilizer, combined with autumn plowing, turn the fertilizer into the ground, but it should be noted that urea or potassium chloride applied per tree does not exceed 0.075 each Kilograms, or 0.2 kg of compound fertilizer, should not be too much fertilizer especially near the tree plant. 4 Radial channeling method: 1 meter away from the trunk, taking the trunk as the center, digging 4-6 radial channels, 40-50 cm deep and 30-45 cm wide. The ditch length is equal to the canopy, and the fertilizer and soil are mixed and applied. Into the ditch, where the shallow depth, outward gradually deepened to meet the annular groove.
1.4. Foliar fertilization techniques Foliar spray fertilizer should be done before defoliation and before germination, urea before defoliation, and zinc before germination. Sprinkle with nitrogen, boron (0.2% -0.3%), calcium supplement before bagging. In the early stage of growth, nitrogen is mainly used, such as 0.3%-0.5% of urea; in fruit expansion, phosphorus and potassium are mainly used, such as 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. It has very good effects on prevention of physiological diseases, improvement of fruit setting, promotion of flowering, enhancement of photosynthesis, and improvement of apple quality.
2, fertilization precautions (1) pay attention to the best place for fertilization. The fertilization site should be dominated by the edge of the crown or a little farther away from the crown of the fruit tree. It must not be too far away or close too far. Fertilization attempts should be based on tree species. Organic fertilizers are slow to decompose, and they have long-term effects. Fertilizers have a large mobility and should be applied shallowly. Roots are widely distributed and deep should be applied deeply. Shallow distribution should be applied lightly.
(2) Fertilization is dominated by organic fertilizers and mixed with inorganic fertilizers. Pay attention to the reasonable ratio of nutrients. This can improve the soil microorganisms and help to increase the effect of inorganic fertilizers.
(3) When foliar fertilizer is sprayed, it is most suitable for morning or afternoon when the temperature is 18-25 degrees Celsius or sunny days. When spraying, both sides of the leaves must be sprayed. In addition, it should be noted that sulfate and calcium salts cannot be used in combination to prevent precipitation and affect the effect of spray application.
(4) Do not injure the root group as much as possible during fertilization, especially new roots from June to July.
1.1 Fertilization period (1) Base fertilizer: The application amount of fruit tree basal fertilizer should account for more than 60% of the total amount of fertilizer, late-maturing varieties should be 60%-70%, and early-maturing varieties should be 70%-80%, generally after the fall of leaves in mid-late November. With the autumn cultivation at the same time. At this time, the roots of fruit trees are at the last peak of growth. Temperature and soil temperature are all suitable. It is not only beneficial to the healing of root wounds, but also enables the basal to decompose and transform as soon as possible, which is beneficial to fruit tree absorption. (2) Dressing: According to the apple tree age and the phenophase requirement fertilizer characteristics divided into several applications: 1 10-15 days before germination to apply, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, potassium and phosphate fertilizers; 2 full fruit period is the top dressing in May Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and some nitrogen fertilizers are added appropriately. On the one hand, it is to increase the fruit setting rate, and on the Other hand, to promote the formation of flower buds. In the following month, top dressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and some nitrogen fertilizers are added appropriately or not. It is to promote fruit enlargement and increase production.
1.2. Fertilizer application According to research reports, the fertility rate of the causal tree depends on the tree age, tree vigor, load, and soil conditions. Each adult apple orchard needs to absorb about 0.5 kg of nitrogen and 0.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per 100 kg of apples. Potassium oxide 0.6 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1..0.6..1.2. Saplings applied 1-1.5 kg of topdressing fertilizer per plant, and the fruiting period gradually increased. The fruit and fertilizer in full fruit period was better than 1..1 or 1..1.5. After many years of experience, it is concluded that young trees are used less, trees are used more, and less fruit is used. There are more apples and more fruit, thicker trunks are applied, and trees are more weak.
1.3 Fertilization methods and location Fertilization of fruit trees should be based on the condition of the tree and soil fertility to determine the specific fertilization method. The best part of fertilization is the area where the hairy roots are concentrated. Therefore, the best part of the fertilization is the deeper and farther place of the capillary root distribution area, in order to induce the root system to develop deeper and deeper, and to expand the area of ​​attraction. Different types of fertilizer, fertilization method and location are also different, base fertilizer combined with the cover after the fall, digging a ring groove, to deepen as well, strong nitrogen mobility, shallow application, phosphate mobility is weak, as far as possible when fertilizing Point, focus point. Adult apple trees should not be fixed on the periphery of the canopy. Fertilization should be used to change the location of fertilization.
Fertilization methods are mainly: 1 circular fertilization method, suitable for fertilization of young trees, in the vertical projection of the edge of the crown digging width 20-30 cm, depth 40-50 cm ring groove, fertilization layer of fertilizer layer of soil. 2 strip fertilization method: This method is usually suitable for mature trees, that is, in the fruit trees between the rows deep digging about 40 cm, 30-40 cm wide strip groove, fertilizer and mud mixed into the ditch. In the second year, you can dig trenches on the opposite sides of the fertilization. 3 whole garden applicator method: this method is suitable for mature orchards, it is necessary to spread the fertilizer, combined with autumn plowing, turn the fertilizer into the ground, but it should be noted that urea or potassium chloride applied per tree does not exceed 0.075 each Kilograms, or 0.2 kg of compound fertilizer, should not be too much fertilizer especially near the tree plant. 4 Radial channeling method: 1 meter away from the trunk, taking the trunk as the center, digging 4-6 radial channels, 40-50 cm deep and 30-45 cm wide. The ditch length is equal to the canopy, and the fertilizer and soil are mixed and applied. Into the ditch, where the shallow depth, outward gradually deepened to meet the annular groove.
1.4. Foliar fertilization techniques Foliar spray fertilizer should be done before defoliation and before germination, urea before defoliation, and zinc before germination. Sprinkle with nitrogen, boron (0.2% -0.3%), calcium supplement before bagging. In the early stage of growth, nitrogen is mainly used, such as 0.3%-0.5% of urea; in fruit expansion, phosphorus and potassium are mainly used, such as 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. It has very good effects on prevention of physiological diseases, improvement of fruit setting, promotion of flowering, enhancement of photosynthesis, and improvement of apple quality.
2, fertilization precautions (1) pay attention to the best place for fertilization. The fertilization site should be dominated by the edge of the crown or a little farther away from the crown of the fruit tree. It must not be too far away or close too far. Fertilization attempts should be based on tree species. Organic fertilizers are slow to decompose, and they have long-term effects. Fertilizers have a large mobility and should be applied shallowly. Roots are widely distributed and deep should be applied deeply. Shallow distribution should be applied lightly.
(2) Fertilization is dominated by organic fertilizers and mixed with inorganic fertilizers. Pay attention to the reasonable ratio of nutrients. This can improve the soil microorganisms and help to increase the effect of inorganic fertilizers.
(3) When foliar fertilizer is sprayed, it is most suitable for morning or afternoon when the temperature is 18-25 degrees Celsius or sunny days. When spraying, both sides of the leaves must be sprayed. In addition, it should be noted that sulfate and calcium salts cannot be used in combination to prevent precipitation and affect the effect of spray application.
(4) Do not injure the root group as much as possible during fertilization, especially new roots from June to July.
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